TURKEY IN ASIA. 15 



shut up in prison by his subjects, and succeeded by his brother, 

 Soliman II. 



The Turks continued unsuccessful in their wars during his reign? 

 and that of his brother and successor, Achmet I ; but Mustapha II, 

 who ascended the throne in 1694, headed his armies in person. Af- 

 ter some active campaigns, he was defeated by prince Eugene ; and 

 the peace of Carlowitz, between the Imperialists and Turks, was con- 

 cluded in 1699. Soon after, Mustapha was deposed, his mufti was 

 beheaded, and his brother Achmet III, mounted the throne. He was 

 the prince who gave shelter, at Bender, to Charles XII, of Sweden ; 

 and ended a war with the Russians, by a peace concluded at Pruth. 

 When the Russian army was surrounded without hopes of escape, 

 the czarina inclined the grand vizier to the peace, by a present of 

 all the money, plate, and jewels, that were in the army : but the 

 Russians delivered up to the Turks Asoph, Kaminieck, and Tai- 

 ganrog, and agreed to evacuate Poland, He had afterwards a war 

 with the Venetians, which alarmed all the Christian powers. The 

 scene of action was transferred to Hungary, where the Imperial gen- 

 eral, prince Eugene, gave so many repeated defeats to the infidels, 

 that they were forced to conclude a disgraceful peace at Passarowitz, 

 in 1718. An unsuccessful war with the Persians, under Kouli Khan, 

 succeeding, the populace demanded the heads of the vizier, the chief 

 admiral, and secretary, which were accordingly struck off; but the 

 sultan also was deposed, and Mahomet V, advanced to the throne. 

 He likewise was unsuccessful in his wars with Kouli Khan, and at 

 last obliged to recognise that usurper as king of Persia. He was 

 afterwards engaged in a war with the Imperialists and Russians : 

 against the former he was victorious ; but the successes of the latter,, 

 which threatened Constantinople itself, forced him to agree to a 

 hasty treaty with the emperor, and, after that, another with the 

 Russians, which was greatly to his advantage. Mahomet died in 

 1754. 



He was succeeded by his brother, Osman III, who died in 1757, 

 and was succeeded by his brother Mustapha III, who died on the 

 21st of January, 1774, whilst engaged in an unsuccessful war with 

 the Russians, of which some account has been already given in the 

 history of that country. In the course of this war, a considerable 

 Russian fleet was fitted out, which set sail from the Baltic, with a 

 view of attacking the remote parts of the Archipelago. This fleet 

 having arrived at Minorca, departed from thence in the beginning of 

 February, 1770, and shaped its course for the Morea. Count Orlow 

 having debarked such land forces as he had with him at Maina, a 

 little to the westward of Cape Metapan, and about fifty miles to the 

 south-west of Misitra, the ancient Sparta, the Mainotes, the des- 

 cendants of the Lacedaemonians, and who still possessed the country 

 »f their ancestors, under subjection to the grand-seignor, immedi- 

 ately flew to arms in every quarter, and joined the Russians by thou- 

 sands, from their aversion to the tyranny of the Turks. The other 

 Greeks immediately followed their example, or rather only waited to 

 hear of the arrival of the Russians, to do what they had long intend- 

 ed ; and the whole Morea seemed every where in motion. The open 

 country was quickly overrun, and the ancient Laconia, Arcadia, and 

 several other countries, as speedily taken ; while the Russian ships, 

 that had been separated, or that put into Italy, arrived successively, 

 and landed their men in different places, where every small detach- 



