166 EGYPT. 



of his brother-in-law, Mahommed Bey Abudahab ; his troops being 

 totally defeated on the 7th of March, 1773. He was also himself 

 wounded and taken prisoner ; and dying of his wounds, was buried 

 honourably at Grand Cairo. Abudahab afterwards governed Egypt, 

 as Sheik Bellet, and marched into Palestine to subdue Sheik Daher. 

 After behaving with great cruelty to the inhabitants of the places he 

 took, he was found dead in his bed one morning at Acre, supposed to 

 be strangled. Sheik Daher accepted the Porte's full amnesty ; and, 

 trusting to their assurances, embraced the captain pacha's invitation 

 to dine on board his ship ; when the captain produced his orders, and 

 the brave Daher, Ali Bey's ally, had his head cut off in the 85th year 

 of his age. 



A civil war now commenced between the adherents of Ali, and 

 other beys or princes who rose on his ruins. Of these the principal 

 were Murad and Ibrahim, who, having driven their enemies into 

 banishment, began to quarrel among themselves ; till, at length, after 

 having alternately expelled each other from Cairo, they agreed to a 

 kind of compromise in March 1785. 



From this time nothing of importance occurred till the invasion of 

 Egypt by the French, of which some account has already been given 

 in our summary of the affairs of Prance. The French made them- 

 selves masters of Cairo, and the whole of the Delta, forcing Murad 

 Bey and the Mamalukes to take refuge in Upper Egypt ; but, after 

 the departure of Bonaparte, general Klebei*, who was left at the head 

 of the army, concluded a treaty with the grand vizier, who had been 

 sent against him with a powerful army ; by which the French troops 

 were to be permitted to evacuate Egypt without molestation. But 

 the British government, having, at the same- time, sent orders to the 

 English admirals in the Mediterranean to prevent the return of the 

 French to Europe, general Kleber, having received notice of these 

 orders, immediately attacked the Turks, and defeated them with great 

 slaughter. Kleber was, some time after, assassinated, and Menou 

 took the command of the French. * 



In the latter end of the year 1800, a strong force was sent out by 

 the Bwtish government, to expel the French from Egypt. Admiral 

 Keith commanded the fleet, and that gallant and experienced officer, 

 sir Ralph Abercrombie, the land force. After many unexpected 

 delays, the fleet arrived off Alexandria on the first of March, 1801. 

 The troops made good their landing on the seventh and eighth of that 

 month, and on the 13th gained a victory over the French, though with 

 the loss of above 2000 men in killed, wounded and missing. On the 2 1st, 

 a more derisive battle was fought, which ended in a complete victory 

 on the part of the English, who, however, suffered a loss much to be 

 lamented, in the death of the brave general Abercrombie, who was 

 mortally wounded in this action, and died on the 28th. General 

 Moore was also dangerously wounded. On the part of the enemy, the 

 French general Roize was left dead on the field, and generals Lanusse 

 and Rodet afterwards died of their wounds. 



After the death of general Abercrombie, general, now lord Hutch- 

 inson took the chief command of the British forces. The town and 

 castle of Rosetta was taken by a division of the English army, under 

 colonel Spencer, aided by a body of Turks r and early in May a force 

 was detached to reduce Cairo. The French were defeated at Rha- 

 manieh by the Turks, assisted by the British ; and about the middle 

 of June, the city of Cairo was invested on every side by the English 



