256 UPPER CANADA. 



to want of information respecting the relative situation of this lake 

 and the Mississippi, as the head of the latter lies two degrees south of 

 the Lake of the Woods. The boundary, of course, remains still to 

 be settled, but when it is, it is probable the whole of this lake will 

 lie within Upper Canada. Red lake lies a short distance S. W. of 

 the Lake of the Woods. These lakes are both small. 



Lake Nipissing lies in lat. 46° N. long. 80° W. at about an equa* 

 distance from the river Outawas and lake Huron. It is about 40 

 miles long from north to south, and 25 wide. French river connects 

 it with lake Huron. Lake Simcoe lies between the 44th and 45th 

 degrees of north latitude and the 79th and 80th of west longitude. 

 It is fifty miles long and twenty broad. Lake St. Anne lies about 60 

 miles north of lake Superior. Lakes Sturgeon and St. Joseph are 

 in the neighbourhood of the same lake. 



MiNEBALOGY....Iron ore is abundant, but it is not manufactured. 



Mineral waters... .On the south side of the river Trent there 

 are salt springs. Springs of the same kind have been found in other 

 parts of the province. There is a spring near the falls of Niagara, 

 which emits inflammable gas sufficiently hot to boil water in fifteen 

 minutes. 



Climate. ...The climate of the settled part of Upper Canada is 

 much milder than that of Lower Canada. The duration of the win- 

 ter is not so long. The frost is less severe, nor are the snows so 

 frequent and deep. 



Soil and produce. ...The soil of Upper Canada when first culti- 

 vated proves very productive. But it is light and easily exhausted. 

 By manuring, and a skilful change of crops its fertility may be pre- 

 served, and this method of farming is usually pursued by the English 

 colonists. But the French Canadians when they have worn out one 

 piece of land, generally remove to another. The productions are the 

 same as those of Lower Canada and New York. Wheat, maize, bar- 

 ley, flax, Sec. are commonly cultivated. Grapes, mulberries, black- 

 berries, plums, and other wild fruits are abundant. 



Animals.. ..These are the same with those of Lower Canada and 

 the United States. 



Population... .The latest computation makes the population of this 

 province amount to 80,000. The inhabitants are principally from the 

 United States, with some from Lower Canada and England.- 



Chief towns. ...York, the seat of government, is situated on the 

 north-west side of lake Ontario, in latitude 43° 35' N. long. 79° 15' 

 W. It has a deep and commodious harbour. The first buildings were 

 erected in 1791. The town, according to the plan, is projected to 

 extend to a mile and a half in length, from the bottom of the harbour 

 along its banks. The number of houses, is at present about 150. 



Kingston is pleasantly situated, on the St. Lawrence, twenty miles 

 above lake Ontario, in lat. 44° 8' N. and in west long. 75° 41'. The 

 dwelling houses, which are about 150 in number, are commodious 

 and constructed of stone. It contains extensive barracks and store- 

 houses; a goal, courthouse, episcopal church, hospital, &c The 

 vessels navigating lake Ontario are built and wintered here. The 

 building of this town was commenced in 1784. 



Newark is situated on a point of land formed by the west bank of 

 the river Niagara, and lake Ontario. It is a mile in length, on the 

 lake, and contains a presbyterian and episcopal church, and 500 in- 

 habitants. 



