362 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



height in thick clouds of vapour, which descending again, in heavy 

 mists, keep the adjacent banks and atmospnere always damp and 

 chilly. The sound produced by these falls has been heard at the 

 distance of forty miles. 



The natural curiosities of the separate states will be found in their 

 proper places. 



Population. ...The population of the thirteen colonies amounted in 

 1753 to 1,046,000. The first census, taken under the federal govern- 

 ment in 1790, made a total of 3,929,326. The census of 1800 amount- 

 ed to 5,303,666, and that of 1810 to 7,239,903. Supposing the increase 

 since 1810 to be in the same ratio as in the ten preceding years, the 

 population of 1815 must exceed 8,100,000. By the census of 1810 

 there were in the United States, 



Free white males, ... . 2,988,141 



Free white females, ..... 2,873,952 



Free negroes, ..... 186,446 



Slaves, 1,191,364 



7,239,903 



The inhabitants of the United States are principally of English 

 descent. The Dutch were the original settlers of New York, arid 

 their descendants are numerous. The inhabitants of Louisiana are 

 principally of French origin. The Germans and Irish are very nu- 

 merous in Pennsylvania. The state of Ohio has been settled from 

 New-England, New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. Kentucky and Ten- 

 nessee derive their population principally from Virginia and North 

 Carolina, though the emigrants from New-England are numerous. 



Slavery is not tolerated in any of the eastern or middle states; but 

 free negroes are very numerous in New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsyl- 

 vania and Delaware. Their number in these four states is about 

 -S0,000. 



The aboriginal inhabitants of the United States, east of the Missis- 

 sippi, are nearly extinct. There are but two Indian settlements in 

 New-England. One on the river Penobscot, in the district of Maine, 

 and one at Charlestown, Rhode Island, consisting each, of about 300 

 persons. There are six or eight different small settlements in New- 

 York, and the endeavours of the humane to promote their civilization 

 have been here most successful. In Pennsylvania there is but one 

 small settlement. In New-Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, 

 Kentucky and the Carolinas, the Indians are not possessed of a foot 

 of ground. Previous to the late war the number of Indians in the 

 state of Ohio was near 2000. The part they took in the contest con- 

 siderably lessened their number. The most powerful, and by far the 

 most intelligent and civilized of the natives of the United States, are 

 the Creeks of Georgia and the Mississippi Territory. Having adopt- 

 ed many of the customs of their white neighbours, in cultivating the 

 soil, owning slaves, grazing cattle, &c. some of them had acquired 

 considerable wealth. But the fineness of their country excited the 

 avarice of the whites; their own imprudence and jealousy afforded 

 excuses for charges of hostility against the government ; and in 1813 

 a war was kindled, which terminated in the destruction of three- 

 fourths of their numbers and the loss of a large part of their country. 

 The Indians of Louisiana may be estimated at about 1 20,000 souls. 



