416 



NEW-YORK. 



Counties. Population. Chief Towns. 



Oneida, 33,828 Utica,Rome,Whkesborough,New-HartforcL 



Lewis, 6,433 Lowville, Martinsburgh, Turin. 



Jefferson, 15,144 Watertown, Brownville, Sackett's-Harboun 



St. Lawrence, 7,894 Ogdensburgh, Madrid, Lisbon. 



Madison, 25,144 Cazenovia, Hamilton, Peterborough. 



Chenango, 21,702 Oxford, Norwich, Sherburne. 



Broome, 8, 1 29 Binghampton, Owego, Oghquago. 



Tioga, 7,899 Newtown (in Elmira), Spencer. 



Courtlandt, 8,793 Homer, Portwatson, Truxton. 



Onondaga, 26,078 Manlius, Salina, Oswego, Skaneateles. 



Cayuga, 29,840 Aburn, Aurora, Cayuga. 



Seneca, 16,609 Ithaca, Ovid, Lancaster. 



Steuben, 7,243 Bath, Ark-Port, Dansville. 



Ontario, 42,026 Canandaigua, Geneva, Lyons, Palmyra, 



Genesee, 12,644 Batavia, Le Roy, Charlotte. 



Allegany, 1,942 Angelica. 



Cattaraugus, 458 New Hamilton (in the town of 01ean.) 



Niagara, 6,132 Buffaloe, Lewiston, Black-Rock. 



Chautaughque, 2,381 Mayville, Canadaway. 



Capes. ...These are Sandy-Hook, near the entrance of Raritan river 

 and Montauk Point, at the east end of Long-Island. On an island at 

 the extremity of the latter, the United States have erected a light- 

 house, which is sometimes seen at Rhode Island. Cumberland-Head 

 is a point or promontory running into Lake Champlain, in Clinton 

 county ; as is also Point au Fer. Point Peninsula projects into Lake 

 Ontario, in Jefferson county. 



Rivers. ...Of these, three are of the first magnitude, viz. St. Law- 

 rence, Niagara, and Hudson's rivers. The two first have already 

 been described. The St. Lawrence receives the waters of four con- 

 siderable streams from this state, whose territory it washes for about 

 100 miles, in which it is from one to two miles wide. The Hudson, 

 or North river, rises in the high country 60 or 70 miles west of Lake 

 Champlain. It issues out of a lake 9 or 10 miles long, in Montgo- 

 mery county, 3 or 4 miles from the southern boundary of St. Law- 

 rence county. After running a southwardly course through the state, 

 of 360 miles, it discharges itself into York bay. At its union with 

 the bay stands the city of New-York. It furnishes good navigation 

 for the largest ships to Newburgh, 65 miles from New-York ; for 

 large vessels to Hudson, 65 miles higher ; and for sloops of 80 or 90 

 tons burden to Troy, 36 miles further. Sloops of 40 or 50 tons, go 

 up to Waterford, four miles higher; but the navigation in low wa- 

 ter is difficult. During the spring, and great part of the summer, 

 vast quantities of lumber descend this river, in rafts, from 40 or 50 

 miles above Glenn's Falls. Round this cataract there is a short 

 portage. In the driest seasons it is frequently fordable even as low 

 as Waterford. At this place it is 60 or 70 rods wide. At Troy it is 

 nearly, half a mile wide ; at Albany 7-8ths of a mile ; at Hudson, 

 more than a mile ; at New-Windsor, two miles ; and at Tappan Bay, 

 five miles wide. It affords plenty of shad, herring, bass, sturgeon, 

 and some other fish. The tide flows to Troy, which is 166 miles 

 from the bay. The Mohawk river springs in the north-west part of 

 the state, and, after running 140 miles through a most fertile coun- 

 try, joins the Hudson a few miles above the city of Albany. The 



