NEW-YORK, 419 



Kingsbridge. It is 16 miles long and nearly 2 miles wide, though 

 in the narrowest part only Jth of a mile. With Governor's, Bed- 

 low's, and Ellis's islands in York bay, and Blackwell's, Pursell's, 

 and Great and Little Barn, and other smail islands, in East river, 

 it forms the city and county of New-York. It is highly cultivated, 

 and affords many picturesque views of the East and North rivers, and 

 the country adjacent- 



Grand Island, in Niagara river, is 12 miles long and 8 broad. 

 The state has purchased the soil of the Indians, but it is not yet much 

 settled. It is in Niagara county. Navy Island, which is small, lies 

 just beiow in the same river and county. Wolf, or Grand Isle, in 

 lake Ontario, is 20 miles long, and from 4 to 10 broad. There are 

 also, near it, Grenadier's, Stoney, Carlton, Galew, Gimelin, and most 

 of the Thousand islands, belonging to this state. They are chiefly 

 in the territory of Jefferson county. 



Mountains... .The chief, and only considerable mountains in this 

 state, are the Shanvangunk and the Cattskill or Blue mountains. The 

 latter are much the higher of the two, being the highest point of 

 the Allegany range, except the White mountains in New-Hamp- 

 shire. The two highest points are the Round Top and the High 

 Peak, both in Greene county. The top of the latter is 3718 feet above 

 the level of the tide in Hudson's river, and 3019 above its own base--, 

 the former 3115 feet above its base, and 3804 above tide water : be- 

 ing 548 feet. higher than Monadnock mountain in New-Hampshire; 

 but 120 lower than Killington Peak in Vermont, 616 higher than the 

 highest part of the Allegany in Virginia, and 2796 lower than Mount 

 Washington in New-Hampshire. The highest points of the Catts- 

 kill are from 15 to 25 miles west of the Hudson. 



Mineralogy. ...There are inexhaustible mines of iron ore in Rock- 

 land, Orange, Essex, and Clinton counties ; and great quantities in 

 the counties of Ulster, Columbia, Greene, Sullivan, Washington, 

 Oneida, and Lewis, and in some other parts of the state. Silver has 

 been found in several places, particularly at Philipsburg in West- 

 Chester county. Lead is found in Herkimer and Columbia counties. 

 Marble of an excellent quality has been found in Washington and 

 Dutchess counties. Slate, of the best quality, abounds at Hosick, 

 in Rensselaer county ; and there are quarries of it all along Hudson's 

 liver. Sulphur is found in Montgomery, Ontario, and Genesee coun- 

 ties; and Lime-stone is abundantly distributed over almost every 

 part of the state. Coal has been found on the banks of the Susque- 

 hannah. There are also strong indications of the existence of this 

 valuable mineral in Columbia and in several parts of the western 

 counties. Gypsum, or Plaster of Paris, has been found in great 

 abundance, and of excellent quality, in Onondaga and Madison coun- 

 ties. But the most conveniently situated, and richest body of this 

 article, lies in Cayuga county, on the east shore of Cayuga lake ; 

 where it is thrown directly from its native bed, into boats or sloops, 

 and carried to Ithaca, at the south end of the lake. Thence it is 

 conveyed to the Susquehannah, and down that river to the Chesa- 

 peake bay, supplying all the intermediate country. In the contrary- 

 direction, it is sent through lake Ontario, down the St. Lawrence, 

 Clay of various kinds is found in almost every county- Silecious sand, 

 Sand- stone, Black flint, a variety of Ochres, of d iff -rent colours, 

 Alum, Mica, and some specimens of Molybdena, Amianthus, and Ser- 

 pentine, are found in different parts of the state. Likewise Spar, 



