420 NEW-YORK. 



Zinc, Pyrites of iron, Magnesia, Talc, several kinds of Gofi/ier and 

 Tin ore, various kinds of chrystals, asbestos, and a variety of marine 

 shells, &c. The Esofius and Burr Mill-stones of this state, are well 

 known. Plumbago is found in great abundance in Essex and Clinton 

 counties, and Emery, near lake George. 



Mineral waters... .In the county of Saratoga are situated the 

 Celebrated mineral springs, whose waters excel those of any other 

 country in the richness and variety of their medicinal qualities. There 

 are two clusters of these springs ; one called the Ballston and the 

 other the Saratoga springs. The former are situated 26 miles north 

 of Albany, 8 south of Saratoga springs, and about 12 west of Hudson 

 river. The water is clear and limpid ; its temperature in summer is 

 from 50° to 58° of Fahrenheit. It contains great quantities of carbonick 

 acid gas, by the discharge of which most of the springs are kept 

 continually bubbling. For drinking and bathing it is found efficacious 

 in various chronic and cutaneous diseases; in intermittent fevers, 

 worms, dysentery, &c. High rock spring, at Saratoga is a great 

 curiosity. It is entirely surrounded by, or rather issues out of, a 

 rock, of a coaical shape, five or six feet high, and nine feet diameter 

 at its base. The rock is of a cretaceous or calcareous nature, and 

 seems to have been formed from the water by incrustation. It has a 

 circular hole in its apex, about ten inches diameter. This is the 

 opening to its inner cavity, which widens downwards. A crack in 

 one side of this rock forms an outlet for the water beneath the surface 

 of the earth, and the spring has not for many years been known to 

 overflow at top, as, at intervals, it formerly used to do. The water 

 is much used. 



For many years the resort of persons from the different states, to 

 these celebrated waters, has been very great, both for health and 

 pleasure. 



Climate, soil, and produce. ...This state, lying to the south of 

 New-England, enjoys a more happy temperature of climate. The 

 air is very healthy, and agrees well with all constitutions. The face 

 of the country ib low, flat, and marshy towards the sea. As you re- 

 cede from the coast, the eye is entertained with the gradual swelling 

 of hills, which become large in proportion as you advance into the 

 country. The soil is considerably diversified. The east end of Long 

 Island is dry, sandy, and barren ; the west end of a deeper and richer 

 soil. From New-York to Albany, and along the Delaware, the soil 

 is mostly dry and gravelly, but produces good crops of grain, grass, 

 and fruit, and affords fine grazing for cattle. At, and above Albany, 

 the soil has in it more clay, and is still better for wheat. Between 

 lakes George and Champlain, and the river St. Lawrence, there is 

 perhaps more indifferent soil, although the whole country is good 

 grazing land. On the Mohawk and Susquehannah the soil is still 

 better than on the Hudson, and produces abundant crops of grain, 

 especially wheat. From Utica westward to lake Erie, and north-west 

 to the head of the St. Lawrence, the country is in general very level; 

 the soil is either a dark, rich mould, or a soft and light loam, and 

 almost entirely free from stone ; and the usual crops of grain and grass 

 (particularly of wheat, flax, and Indian corn) exceed those of most 

 countries in the world. The strength of the soil is such, especially 

 in the Genesee and Black river countries, that it produces abundant 

 crops of hemp without any apparent injury to the land. 



