NEW-YORK. 421 



Fruit of almost all kinds is raised throughout this state. The 

 western part is peculiarly productive of peaches. Hickory-nuts, 

 butter-nuts, cherries, grapes, whortle-berries, and other wild fruit, 

 are plenty. Some of the finest neat cattle in the world, are raised 

 in the Genesee country ; and vast quantities of beef, pork, butter, 

 and cheese, are produced for exportation. There are also raised con- 

 siderable quantities of buckwheat, rye, oats, barley, peas, beans, po- 

 tatoes, and all kinds of garden fruit and vegetables. Much pot and 

 pearl ashes are annually made, and some business is carried on in 

 the fur trade. But wheat is still the staple. In the article timber 

 this state is not behind any country. Besides maple, walnut, hickory, 

 oak, butter-nut, elm, beach, ash, and some chesnut, it affords great 

 quantities of white pine and spruce. On the banks of the Susque- 

 hannah grows some of the finest timber for ship-building in the 

 world. From the sugar maple is made great abundance of sugar for 

 domestic use. 



Animals. ..In the northern and unsettled parts of this state there 

 are moose, deer, bears, beavers, martins, foxes, racoons, rabbits, 

 and most of the other inhabitants of the forest. Wolves, bears, and 

 wild cats, particularly the former, have, till lately, been very trou- 

 blesome in the new settlements; but these animals are daily decreas- 

 ing. The domestic animals are the same in general as in the other 

 states. The number of horses in this state in 1810, was estimated 

 at 325,000 — neat cattle, 885,000 — and sheep, 1,250,000. 



Population and militia. ...The number of inhabitants in 1790, 

 were 340,120, including 1 1,324 slaves, and in 1800, they had in- 

 creased to 586,203, including 20,000 slaves. Since the close of the 

 revolutionary war this state has increased amazingly, owing to an ex- 

 traordinary emigration from Europe and the Eastern states. Between, 

 that period, and the year 1800 (about 17 years) the number of inha- 

 bitants was doubled. The population in 1756, was 96,775; in 1771, 

 it was- 163,338; in 1786, 238,896; and in 1810, 960,000, of whom 

 15,017 were slaves, making an increase in the last ten years of 

 374,000. The census of 1810 is generally understood to be at least 

 15,000 short of the actual amount, some errors having happened in 

 the enumeration and returns of several counties. The militia of the 

 state in 1812, was estimated at 98,606. 



Cities... .In the state of New-York are many flourishing towns. 

 The three principal, which are incorporated and called cities, are 

 New-York, Albany, and Hudson, all of them situated on the Hudson 

 or North river. New-York was founded by the Dutch about the 

 year 1615, and was then called New-Amsterdam. It is happily situ- 

 ated for trade at the head of the bay, and the confluence of the North 

 and East rivers, having an extensive fronton each. The inhabitants 

 of the city and county are estimated at 96,373. The streets are nar- 

 row and irregular, except Broadway, Wall street, and two or three 

 more. The principal buildings are the City Hall, an elegant edifice, 

 once the seat of Congress, but now appropriated to the service of the 

 courts of justice ; the government house ; the Tontine coffee house, 

 a theatre, jail, 35 houses of religious worship, some of them large 

 and splendid; and a state prison, or penitentiary house, distant about 

 two miles from the city. The next is Albany, which is 160 miles 

 above New-York. This city was founded also by the Dutch, nearly 

 as soon as New York, and was incorporated by governor Dougan, in 

 1686. It is now the seat of the state government, and contains about 



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