PENNSYLVANIA. 439 



cept when the waters are swelled by freshes. A fine hridge has been 

 lately erected over this river at Columbia, and another ai MCall's 

 Ferry in Lancaster county, and others are constructing at Harrisburg 

 and Sunuury. 



The Juniata, which is a branch of the Susquehannah, rises in 

 Huntingdon and Bedford counties, and after passing through a moun- 

 tainous country, joins the latter river about twelve miles above Har- 

 risburg. 



On ihe western side of the Allegany mountains, flows the Ohio, 

 which is formed by the united waters of the Allegany and Mononga- 

 hela. The former rises principally in the state of New-York, and } 

 after meandering near the southern boundary of that state, enters 

 Warren county, in Pennsylvania, and pursues a southern course to its 

 junction at the borough of Pittsburg. This river is navigable about 

 200 miles by canots, and approaches in some of us ramifications, neap 

 the west branch of the Susquehannah. The Monongahela has its 

 chief sources in the Laurel mountain, and flowing northward, joins 

 the Allegany at Pittsburg, as above stated. The streams of PennsyL 

 vania that fall into lake Erie are generally small. 



Lakes.. ..The interior lakes of this state are few and inconsiderable ; 

 the largest is lake Conniott, in Crawford county, at no great distance 

 from lake Erie, and situated in the centre of a fertile country. One 

 of the exteiiour counties of this state borders for about 50 miles on 

 the south-west shore of lake Erie ; and there is a considerable trade, 

 especially in salt, carried on through this medium, with the state of 

 New-York. 



Mountains. ...The first considerable chain of mountains that pre- 

 sents itself, to a person travelling westward from Philadelphia, is the 

 South mountain, traversing the state, not in one continued range, but 

 in broken, detached elevations. From ten to thirty miles further 

 westward, rises the Kittanning or Endless mountain, so called from 

 its enormous length. This stretches in long uniform ridges, rising 

 scarcely any where half a mile perpendicular above the subjacent 

 vales. The largest and most extensive elevation in Pennsylvania, 

 or in any of the United States, is the Allegany or Apalachian moun- 

 tain. Between this ridge and the Ohio are several inferior ridges, 

 as Laurel hill, Chesnut ridge, &c. 



Metals, minerals. ...Iron ore abounds in this state ; and copper 

 and lead are found in some places. Lime-stone is common, as also 

 several kinds of marble ; and in the middle and western parts of th-e 

 country there is abundance of coal. Slate of an excellent quality has 

 also been recently discovered. 



Face of the country, climate, soil, produce. ...The face of 

 the country, air, soil, and produce, do not materially differ from 

 those of New-York If there be any difference, it is in favour of this 

 state. The air is sweet and clear. The winters continue from De- 

 cember until March, and are so cold and severe, that the river Dela- 

 ware, though very broad, is often frozen over. Many days in July 

 and August, are almost intolerably hot; but the country is refreshed 

 by frequent cool breezes. It may be remarked, in general, that in 

 all parts of the United States, from New-York to the southern ex- 

 tremity, the woods are full of wild vines of three or four species, all 

 different from those of Europe. But, whether from some fault in 

 their nature, or in the climate, or the soil where they grow, or, what 

 13 much more probable, from a fault in the planters, they have vet 



Vol. II. 3 I 



