432 PENNSYLVANIA. 



Commerce, manufactures. ...The commerce of Pennsylvania is 

 very nourishing. It is principally carried on from Philadelphia ; and 

 there are few commercial ports in the world where ships from Phi- 

 ladelphia may not be found in some season of the year. The number 

 of vessels which entered this port in 1786, was 1910, and, in 1795, 

 1620. Tne clearances in the latter year were 1789. The number oi 

 arrivals in 1804, was 1799; of clearances, 1764. In 1807, the arri- 

 vals were 1969 ; clearances, 1943. In 1810, the arrivals were 1198 ; 

 clearances 1111. Many of these were coasting vessels. The num- 

 ber of vessels built in 1795, was 31, of which 23 were ships and brigs. 

 In the yeai 1792, Philadelphia shipped 420,000 barrels of flour and 

 middlings. The value of exports from the state of Pennsylvania in 

 the year ending September 30, 1791, was 3,436,092 dollars; and, in 

 1795, 11,518,260 dollars. The exports from Philadelphia in 1796, 

 amounted to 17,520,000 dollars. In 1810, they amounted to 

 10,993,398. 



Although Pennsylvania has not advanced so far in manufactures as 

 the more populous states of New-England, yet she may boast of many 

 considerable establishments that manifest great proofs of public spi- 

 rit, industry, and enterprise. The manufactures of flour, nails, wool 

 and cotton cards, hats, hosiery, beer and porter, snuff", tobacco, pa- 

 per and paper hangings, printed cottons and linens, boots, shoes, cabi- 

 net wares and carriages of pleasure, are prosecuted to a considera- 

 ble amount, and form a respectable portion of her exports. In 1802, 

 there were 28 furnaces, making annually 21,000 tons of pigs and 

 castings; 72 forges, making 12,960 tons of bar iron; 11 slitting 

 mills, making 27,750 tons of plate iron, Sec. 12 tilting hammers, and 

 2 steel furnaces. In 1810, there were in Pennsylvania, 64 cotton 

 factories, 213 fulling mills, 80 forges, 18 rolling and slitting mills, 

 175 naileries, 115 gun manufactories, 3 shot factories, 715 tan- 

 neries, 3,594 distilleries, distilling annually 6,552,284 gallons ; 48 

 breweries, 24 bark mills, 11 sugar refineries, 70 paper mills, 8 glass 

 houses, 70 tobacco mills, 170 potteries, 22 powder mills, making an- 

 nually 280,866 pounds of powder, and 2,008 grist mills, making 844,4 1 7 

 barrels annually ; besides various other manufacturing establish- 

 ments. 



GovernxMent. ...According to the present constitution, the legisla- 

 tive power is administered by a senate and house of representatives ; 

 the executive by a governor ; and the judiciary by a supreme court, 

 a court of common-pleas, and a court of quarter sessions of the peace. 

 The legislature and governor are elected by the freemen ; the gov- 

 ernor for three years; the representatives annually, and the senate 

 for four years, with an annual rotation of one fourth. The number 

 of representatives must not be less than sixty, nor exceed one hun- 

 dred ; nor that of senators less than a fourth, nor greater than a 

 third part of the number of representatives. The electors must 

 have attained the age of twenty-one, have resided in the state two 

 years, and paid taxes. The representatives must have been inhabi- 

 tants of the state three years, and, the last year previous to their elec- 

 tion, have resided in the county which chooses them. The qualifica- 

 tions of twenty-five years of age, and of four years residence, are" 

 required in senators : and the governor must have attained the age 

 of thirty, and have resided in the state seven years ; and he is not 

 eligible more than nine years in twelve. The senators are divided 



