458 NORTH CAROLINA. 



tar, pitch, and turpentine. Beaufort, in Carteret eounty, is situated 

 on one of the only two good harbours in the state. Its entrance is 

 defended by a fort, garrisoned by United States' troops. The town 

 is about a mile long, but the houses are very much scattered, not 

 amounting to more than 40 or 50. It carries on a considerable busi- 

 ness in building small vessels, which for strength, durability and 

 beauty, are seldom surpassed. Washington, in Beaufort county, is 

 a thriving place, and has a busy trade. It owns nearly half the ship- 

 ping belonging to the state. Salem, in Stokes county, is a handsome 

 town, settled by the Moravians. Edenton, Wilmington, Halifax,, 

 Hillsborough, Salisbury, and Fayetteville, have each in their turns 

 been the seat of the general assembly. Raleigh, situate near the 

 centre of the state, has been last established as the metropolis. The 

 situation is pleasant and healthy. The state-house is a solid struc- 

 ture, and has some elegance. Its appearance has been lately im- 

 proved by the addition of a steeple. The governor's residence is a 

 mean looking, wooden building. It contains 976 inhabitants. 



College, academies.. ..The general assembly of North Carolina, 

 in 1 789, passed a law, incorporating forty gentlemen, five from each dis- 

 trict, as trustees of the university of North Carolina. In 1791, they 

 loaned the trustees 5000/. to enable them to proceed immediately 

 with their buildings. The site they fixed upon was Chapel Hill, 

 in Orange county, where they erected a college, which, from the 

 title and powers of the board of :rustees, has been usually, though 

 improperly, denominated a university. It has a president, who is a 

 professor of sciences, a professor of languages, and two inferiour 

 tutors. There are usually sixty or seventy students in the college, 

 and half that number in a grammar school in the village, that is un- 

 der the superintendance of the president. There is an academy at 

 Raleigh, which has two handsome wooden buildings, one for male, 

 and the other for female students. There are academies at Fayette- 

 ville, Warrenton, Louisburg, Ashville, Buncombe county ; Wilkes- 

 borough, Springhill, Lenoir county ; Westrayville, Nash county ; 

 Vinehill, Halifax county ; Menfreesborough and Lumberton. There 

 are also two academies in Caswell county, and one at Mineral 

 Springs in Warren county. But the most flourishing academies in 

 the state are at Newbern and Edenton. The funds of these are am- 

 ple and permanent. The others have no certain means of support, 

 and one that is flourishing this year will not be in existence the next. 

 There is a female academy in Warrenton, which is said to be one of 

 the best schools for young ladies in the United States. It has usually 

 about 80 scholars. In Salem there is a young ladies boarding 

 school, kept by the Moravians, on the same plan as the Mora- 

 vian school at Bethlehem in Pennsylvania. It has about sixty stu- 

 dents. 



Trade. ...A great proportion of the produce of the back country, 

 consisting of tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, &c. is carried to market 

 in South Carolina and Virginia. The southern interior counties 

 carry their produce to Charleston, and the northern to Petersburgh 

 in Virginia. The exports from the lower parts of the state are tar, 

 pitch, turpentine, rosin, Indian corn, boards, scantling, staves, shin- 

 gles, furs, tobacco, pork, lard, tallow, bees -wax, myrtle-wax, and 

 some other articles, amounting in the year, ending September 30th, 

 1791, to 324,548 dollars ; in 1802, to 650,000 ; and in 1810, to 403,949. 

 Their trade is chiefly with the West Indies and the northern states. 



