464 SOUTH CAROLINA* 



Colleges and academies. ...The 1 literature of this state is not 

 very flourishing. There are several respectable academies in Charles- 

 ton, one at Beaufort, on Port-Royal island, and several others in dif- 

 ferent parts ot the state. Three colleges have been incorporated by 

 law ; one at Charleston, one at Winnsborough, in the district of 

 -•Camden, and tne other at Cambridge in the district of Ninety-six. 

 The legislature, in their session in January 1795, appointed a com- 

 mittee to inquire into the practicability of, and to report a plan for, 

 the establishment of schools in the different parts of the state. In 

 1801, they passed a law for building a college at the seat of govern- 

 ment, by the name of the South Carolina College. Its affairs are re- 

 gulated by a board of trustees. It has a president, three professors, 

 and two tutors The institution is now flourishing. 



History. ..The first English expeditions into Carolina. were unfor- 

 tunate. None ot them had success till the year 1663, in the reign of 

 Charles II. At that time several English noblemen, and others of 

 great distinction, obtained a charter from the crown, investing them 

 with the property and jurisdiction of this country. They parcelled 

 out the lands to such as were willing to go over into the new settle- 

 ment, and to submit to a syscem of laws which they employed the 

 famous Locke to compose for them in 1672. 



They began their first settlement at a point of land towards the 

 southward of their district, between two navigable- rivers. Here 

 they laid the foundation of a city called Charleston, which was de- 

 signed to be, what it is now, the capital of the province. In 1690 

 the cultivation of rice was first attempted. At an early period the 

 disputes between the church of England men and dissenters caused 

 a toial confusion in the colony. This was rendered still more intole- 

 rable by the incursions of the Indians, whom they had irritated by 

 their insolence and injustice. In order to prevent the fatal conse- 

 quences of these intestine divisions and foreign wars, an act of Par- 

 liament was passed, which put this colony under the immediate pro- 

 tection of the crown in 1720. The lords proprietors accepted a re- 

 compence of about 24,00o/. for both the property and jurisdiction ; 

 and the constitution of this colony, in those respects in which it differ- 

 ed from the royal colonies, was altered. Earl Grenville, however, 

 thought fit to retain his seventh share, which continued in the posses- 

 sion of his family. For the more convenient administration of affairs, 

 South Carolina was divided into two districts, and two governments. 

 This happened in 1728, and from that time, peace being restored in 

 the internal government, as well as with the Cherokees and other 

 Indian tribes, these provinces began to breathe, and their trade ad- 

 vanced with wonderful rapidity. In 1745 indigo was found to be a 

 native plant, and first cultivated. In 1761 a whirlwind happened in 

 May, which laid bare the channel of Ashley river, swept the, loftiest 

 trees before it like chaff", and destroyed a considerable 'number of 

 vessels in the harbour. Charleston was taken by the British forces 

 under sir H. Clinton in 1780, and evacuated by them in 1782. 



