OHIO. 479 



cuminata) has a more extensive diffusion over the state. The cotton 

 tree, a species oF poplar, grows abundantly along the rivers. These 

 are but a part of the trees which compose the valuable forests of this 

 state. 



Mineralogy.. ..Great part of this state exhibits proofs of marine 

 submersion. This is the case from the Sciota and Sandusky, west- 

 wardly. The strata of this extensive tract are horizontal layers of 

 stone, containing petrified sea shells, &c. Towards the Ohio, these 

 layers are disposed alternately with lime stone and argillacious slate. 

 In some places, as in the south-western part of the military lands, 

 the lime stone predominates. In othei's the quantity of lime stone 

 is smaller than that of the argillacious matter. On the surface of the 

 earth, above these strata, lie quantities of granite and pudding stone. 

 Lime stone is not found in the eastern parts of the state. They ex- 

 hibit the same horizontal plane, with that of the western section. Its 

 strata are level ; not separated by soft argillacious matter, like the 

 other, but by that species of schistus termed shivars. The whole is 

 covered by a deep bed of loam, on which lies the mould or soil. 



Of the useful minerals, iron and coal have been discovered in va- 

 rious places, principally in the south-east half of the state. The 

 former is assayed near New Lisbon, above Zanesville, on Brush 

 creek, in Adams county, and on Paint creek. The works at Zanes- 

 ville and on Brush creek are, however, all that have yet been made 

 productive. Coal has been discovered along the Muskingum, Hock- 

 hocking, and Sciota. Specimens of fibrous and crystallized gypsum 

 have been discovered on the Muskingum and Cayahoga. Saltpetre 

 has been discovered on the Hockhocking, but is not known to exist 

 in large quantities. Rock crystal and calcarious spar are found in 

 different places in the Virginia military lands. Red and yellow ochre, 

 copperas, and alum, are found on Paint creek, whose hills will per- 

 haps hereafter be found to furnish materials for an unlimited manu- 

 facture of alum, copperas, and sulphuric acid. 



Specimens of martial pyrites are found in every part of the state. 

 Clays proper for the coarser kinds of earthen ware are common. Ex- 

 cellent millstones are obtained not far from the mouths of the Sciota 

 and Muskingum rivers. The same quarter affords valuable free- 

 stone quarries, from whence considerable quantities for grindstones 

 and for building are annually exported. On the Great Miami, above 

 Dayton, the solitary masses of pudding-stone which lie scattered 

 over and half sunk into the earth, likewise afford all the millstones 

 necessary for domestic use. On an island in lake Erie is an ex- 

 tensive cave which has furnished some beautiful specimens of sta- 

 lactites. 



Population and militia.... According to the census taken by or- 

 der of congress in the year 1800, the population amounted to 45,365. 

 By the census of 1810, the number of inhabitants was 227,843. In 

 1812 the militia was reported at about 36,000. 



Chief towns. ...The largest town in Ohio is Cincinnati. It is 

 handsomely situated on the Ohio, between the great and little Miami 

 rivers, near the site of fort Washington, a military frontier post, 

 prior to the treaty of Grenville. The town was first commenced 

 about the year 1790. Within the last ten years it has increased with 

 almost unparalleled rapidity. Surrounded by an extensive body of 

 rich land, it has become the depot for a large proportion of what is 

 generally termed the " Miami country." It contains an elegant 



