588 A NEW CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



1005 All the old churches are rebuilt about this time in a new manner of archi- 

 tecture. 

 1015 Children forbidden by law to be sold by their parents in England. 

 1017 Canute, king of Denmark, gets possession of England. 



1040 The Danes, after several engagements, with various success, are about this 



time driven out of Scotland, and never again return in a hostile manner. 



1041 The Saxon line restored under Edward the Confessor. 



1043 The Turks (a nation of adventurers from Tartary, serving hitherto in the 

 armies of contending princes) become formidable, and take possession of 

 Persia. 



1054 Leo IX, the first pope that maintained an army. 



1057 Malcolm III, king of Scotland, kills the tyrant Macbeth at Dunsinnane, and 

 marries the princess Margaret, sister to Edgar Atheling. 



1065 The Turks take Jerusalem from the Saracens. 



1066 The battle of Hastings fought between Harold and. William (surnamed the 



Bastard) duke of Normandy, in which Harold is conquered and slain, 

 after which William becomes king of England. 

 1070 William introduces the feudal law. 

 Musical notes invented. 



1075 Henry IV, emperor of Germany, and the pope, quarrel about the nomination 



of the German 'bishops. Henry, in pennance, walks bare-footed to the 

 pope towards the end of January. 



1076 Justices of the peace first appointed in England. 



1080 Doomsday book began to be compiled by order of William, from a survey 

 of all the estates in England, and finished in 1086. 

 The Tower of London built by William, to curb his English subjects : num- 

 bers of whom fly to Scotland, where they introduce the English or Saxon 

 language, are protected by Malcolm, and have lands given them. 



1091 The Saracens in Spain being hard pressed by the Spaniards, call to their as- 

 sistance Joseph, king of Morocco ; by which the Moors gain possession 

 of all the Saracen dominions in Spain. 



1096 The first crusade to the Holy Land is begun under several Christian princes, 

 to drive the infidels from Jerusalem. 



11 10 Edgar Atheling, the last of the Saxon princes, dies in England, where he 

 had been permitted to reside as a subject. 



1118 The order of the Knights Templars instituted, to defend the sepulchre at 

 Jerusalem, and to protect Christian strangers. 



1151 The canon law collected by Gratian, a monk of Bologna. 



1164 The Teutonic order of religious knights begins in Germany. 



1172 Henry II, king of England (and first of the Plantagenets) takes possession of 

 Ireland, which, from that period, has been governed by an English vice- 

 roy, or lord lieutenant. 



1180 Glass windows began to be used in private houses in England. 



1182 Pope Alexander III, compelled the kings of England and France to hold the 

 stirrups of his saddle when he mounted his horse. 



1186 The great conjunction of the sun and moon and all the planets in Libra, in 

 September. 



1192 The battle of Ascalon, in Palestine, in which Richard, king of England, de- 

 feats Saladir.e's army, consisting of 300,000 combatants. 



1194 Dieu et mon Droit first used as a motto by Richard, on a victory over the 

 French. 



1200 Surnames now began to be used ; first among the nobility. 



1215 Magna Charta signed by king John and the barons of England. 



1227 The Tartars, under Gingus Khan, emerge from the northern parts of Asia, 

 overrun all the Saracen empire ; and, in imitation of former conquerors, 

 carry death and desolation wherever they march. 



3233 The Inquisition, begun in 1204, is now committed to the Dominicans. 



The houses of London, and other cities in England, France, and Germany, 

 still thatched with straw. 



1253 The famous astronomical tables are composed by Alphonso, king of Castile. 



1258 The Tartars take Bagdad, which finishes the empire of the Saracens. 



1263 A cho, king of Norway, invades Scotland with 160 sail, and lands 20,000 men 

 at the mouth of the Clyde, who are cut to pieces by Alexander III, who 

 recovers the Western isles. 



