A NEW CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 589 



1-64 According to some writers, the commons of" England were not summoned to 



parliament till thia period. 

 1269 The Hamburgh company incorporated in England. 

 1273 The empire of the present Austrian family begins in Germany. 

 1282 Llewellyn, prince of Wales, defeated and killed by Edward I, who unites 



that principality to England 



1284 Edward II, born at Caernarvon, is the first prince of Wales. 



1285 Alexander III, king of Scotland, dies, and chat kingdom is disputed by 



twelve candidates, who submit their claims to the arbitration of E#vard 



king of England; which lays the foundation of a long and desolating 



war between both nations. 

 1293 There is a regular succession of English parliaments from this year, being 



the 22d of Edward I. 

 1298 The present Turkish empire begins in Bithynia, under Ottoman. 

 1298 Silver-hafted knives, spoons, and cups, a-great luxury. 



Tallow candles so great a luxury, that splinters of wood were used for 



lights. 



Wine sold by apothecaries as a cordial. 

 1302 The manner's compass invented, or improved, by Givia, of Naples. 

 1^9^ ^' !e beginning of the Swiss cantons. 

 1308 The popes remove to Avignon in France for 70 years. 

 13 lu Lincoln's Inn society established. 

 1314 The battle of Bannockburn between Edward II, and Robert Bruce, which 



establishes the latter on the throne of Scotland. 

 The cardinals set fire to the conclave, and separate A vacancy in the papal 



chair for two years 



1336 Two Brabant weavers settle at York, which, says Edward III, may prove of 



great benefit to us and our subjects. 



1337 The first comet whose course is described with astronomical exactness. 

 Io40 Gunpowder and guns first invented by Swanz, a monk of Cologn ; 1346, 



Edward III, had four pieces of cannon, which contributed to gain him 

 the battle of Cressy : 1346, bombs and mortars were invented. 

 Oil painting first made use of by John Vaneck. 

 Herald's college instituted in England. 

 1344 Gold first coined in England. 



The first creation to titles by patent used by Edward 111. 

 1346 The battle of Durham, in which David king of Scots is taken prisoner. 

 i349 The order of the Garter instituted in England by Edward III, altered in 



1557, and consists of 26 knights. 

 1352 The Turks first enter Europe. 

 1354 The money in Scotland till now the same as in England. 



1356 The battle of Poictiers, in which king John of France and his son are taken 



prisoners by Edward the black prince. 



1357 Coals first brought to London. 



1358 Arms of England and France first quartered by Edward HI. 



1362 The law pleadings in England changed from French to English, as a favour 

 pi Edward III, to his people 

 John Wicklifte, an Englishman, begins about this time to oppose the errors 

 of the church of Rome with great acuteness and spirit. His followers- 

 are called L(-ilards. 



1386 A company of linen-weavers from the Netherlands established in London. 



1388 The battle of Otterburn between Hot»pur and the earl of Douglas; on this 

 is founded the ballad of Chevy Chace. 



1391 Cards invented in France for the king's amusement. 



1399 Westminster abbey rebuilt and enlarged— Westminster hall ditto. 



Order of the Bath instituted at the coronation of Henry IV, renewed in 

 1725 ; consisting of 38 knights, 



1411 The university of St.. Andrew's in Scotland founded, 



1415 The battle of Agincourt gained over the French by Henry V, of England. 



1428 The siege of Orleans, the first blow to the English power in France. 



1430 About this time Laurentius ot Haailem invented the art of printing, which 

 he practised with wooden types. Guttenburgh afterwards invented cut 

 metal types ; but the art was carried to perfection by Peter SchoefTer, 

 who invented the mode of casting the types in matrices Frederic Cor- 

 sellis began to print in Oxford, in 1468, with wooden types : but it was 

 Vol. II. 4 F 



