A NEW CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 591 



English East India company incorporated— established in 1600. 

 English Turkey company incorporated. 

 1580 Sir Francis Drake returns from his voyage round the world, being the first 

 English circumnavigator. 

 Parochial register first appointed in England. 



1582 Pope Gregory introduces the New Style in Italy ; the 5th of October being 



counted the 15th. 



1583 Tobacco firsl brought from Virginia into England. 



1587 Mary queen of Scots is beheaded by order of Elizabeth, after 18 years im- 



prisonment. 



1588 The Spanish Armada destroyed by Drake and other English admirals. 

 Henrv IV, passes the edict of Nantz tolerating the Protestants. 



1589 Coaches first introduced into England ; hackney act 1693 ; increased to 1000 



in 1770, and to 1200 in 1801. 



1590 Band of pensioners instituted in England. 



1591 Trinity college, Dublin, founded 



1597 Watches first brought into England from Germany. 



1602 Decimal arithmetic invented at Bruges. 



1603 Queen Elizabeth (the last of theTudors) dies, and nominates James VI, of 



Scotland (and first of the Stuarts) as her successor ; which unites both 

 kingdoms under the name of Great Britain. 



1604 The Gunpowder plot discovered at Westminster; being a project of the 



Roman Catholics to blow up the king and both houses of parliament. 

 1606 Oaths of allegiance first administered in England. 

 1608 Galileo, of Florence, first discovers the satellites about the planet Jupiter, 



by the telescope, then just invented in Holland. 



1610 Henry IV, is murdered at Paris by Ravaillac, a priest. 



1611 Baronets first created in England, by James I. 



1614 Napier of Merchiston, in Scotland, invents the logarithms. 

 1616 The first permanent settlement in Virginia. 



1619 Dr. W T . Harvey, an Englishman, discovers the doctrine of the circulation o£ 



the blood. 



1620 The broad silk manufactory from raw silk introduced into England. 



1621 New England planted by the Puritans. 



1625 King James dies, and is succeeded by his son, Charles I. 



The island of Barbadoes, the first English settlement in the West Indies, is 

 planted. 



1626 The barometer invented by Torricelli. 



1627 The thermometer invented by Drabellius. 



1632 The battle of Lutzen, in which Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, and 



head of the Protestants in Germany, is killed. 

 1635 Province of Maryland planted by lord Baltimore. 



Regular posts established from London to Scotland, Ireland, &c. 

 1640 King Charles disobliges his Scottish subjects ; on which their army under 

 general Lesley enters England, and takes Newcastle, being encouraged 

 by the mal-contents in England. 

 The massacre in Ireland, when 40,000 English protectants were killed. 



1642 King Charles impeaches five members, who had opposed his arbitrary mea- 



sures ; which begins the civil war in England. 



1643 Excise on beer, ale, &c. first imposed by parliament. 

 1646 Episcopacy abolished in England. 



1649 Charles I, beheaded at Whitehall, January 30, aged 49. 



1654 Cromwell assumes the protectorship. 



1655 The English, under admiral Penn, take Jamaica from the Spaniards. 

 1658 Cromwell dies, and is succeeded in the protectorship by his son Richard. 

 1660 King Charles II, is restored by Monk, commander of the army, after an exile 



of twelve years in France and Holland. 

 Episcopacy restored in England and Scotland. 

 The people of Denmark:, being oppressed by the nobles, surrender their 



privileges to Frederic III, who becomes absolute. 

 1562 The Royal Society established in London by Charles II. 



1663 Carolina planted ; in 1728, divided into two separate governments. 



1664 The New Netherlands, in North America, conquered from the Swedes and 



Dutch, by the English. 



1665 The plague rages in London and carries off 68,000 persons. 



