SURFACE EQUIPMENT* 37 



rods are usually of teak-wood but occasionally of pitch-pine strapped 

 together by iron plates. The intermediate rods, which have only a 

 horizontal movement, run on rolls or are supported by small wheels 

 running on rails. Different lengths of stroke are obtained, accord- 

 ing to the requirements of the moment, by changing the attachment 

 of the end sweep-rod to different points on the engine spur-wheel. 

 A type of engine for Cornish pumps, much in favour on the field, is 

 the Hathorn-Davy. One at the new vertical shaft of the Champion 

 Reef Mine is a single cycle compound and condensing with a differ- 

 ential valve-gear and horizontal tandem cylinders of 30 and 60 

 inches diameter, respectively, and a 6-foot stroke. The only ex- 

 ample of a Cornish Beam pumping engine is at the Ribblesdale 

 shaft of the Mysore Mine. It has a vertical cylinder of 36 inches 

 diameter with a stroke of 9 feet in the cylinder and 8 feet in the shaft, 

 and the usual form of Cornish valve-gear with plug rods and tappets. 

 It is found to work with great economy. 



Workshops. — The engineering workshops, comprising fitters, 

 smiths, carpenters and moulding shops, are well equipped, as must 

 needs be when one considers the isolation of the mines from other 

 centres of engineering activity, by reason of which they are thrown 

 on their own resources for repairs and alterations to machinery and 

 for the construction and erection of new plant. Underground 

 and side-tipping waggons, skips and cages are turned out in these 

 shops, 



The fitters' shops usually contain surface and screw cutting lathes, 

 drilling, sharpening, planing, screwing, and slotting machines. They 

 are also usually furnished with boiler-makers' punching and shear- 

 ing machines and a set of rolls. The smiths' shops in the larger 

 mines have 10 to 12 forges supplied with air from a Roots' Blower j 

 and there is usually a small steam-hammer. Drill sharpening is 

 generally by hand, but the Bradbury patent drill sharpener is also 

 used. In the moulding shop there are at the Champion Reef, Mysore, 

 and Ooregum Mines, cupola furnaces for castings and small furnaces 

 for smelting brass. Castings are done twice a week, about 25 cwts. 

 of metal being run down at a time. The carpenters' shops are fitted 



