14 HOLLAND AND TIPPER : INDIAN GEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY. 



into Tertiary recognised by Blanford, Griesbach and Oldham in 

 Western India and Baluchistan is only apparent, and that the 

 " break " recognised in Europe occurs also in this country and is 

 of equal value. The same idea is applied to the boundary be- 

 tween the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic in the Salt Bange and the 

 Himalaya against the evidence of geologists such as Wynne, 

 Waagen, Noetling, Krafft, Diener, Griesbach, and Koken, who 

 have studied the rocks closely in the field and have also worked 

 out the. palaeontology in detail. 



It must be evident from a perusal of this short historical 

 account of the classification of Indian geological formations that 

 local names — many of them derived from places of greater or 

 less importance — have played a conspicuous part in the terminology. 

 Although the necessity for many of the older names has disappeared 

 in the course of the geological survey, some of them still remain 

 of great importance and are in continual use in the publications 

 of the Department. In the following pages an attempt has been 

 made to collect all the various names which have from time to 

 time been proposed for the sub-divisions of Indian geological 

 formations of whatever value ; to record the date of their first 

 introduction ; to give the shortest possible outline of their 

 lithological characters, fossil contents, their correlation amongst 

 themselves and on broad lines with the European scale and the 

 vicissitudes through which the terminology ma}' have passed. 



In all except well-known localities the latitude and longitude are 

 given in brackets. The latitudes are of course all north and the longi- 

 tudes all east. As the highest figure for latitude is lower than the lowest 

 figure for longitude in the Indian Empire, no confusion can occur between 

 the two. Where co-ordinates are given for rivers or moxmtain ranges, 

 they refer to the geological points concerned in the text, and are sufficient 

 to enable one to identify the places on the ordinary Indian Atlas 

 sheets. 



The spelling adopted is in general agreement with that of the new 

 edition of the Imperial Gazetteer, and all villages and towns with post 

 offices are given according to the spelling adopted in the Quarterly Post 

 Office Guide, which forms also a useful indication of the districts in which 

 the places occur. Whenever the old spelling of names would result in 

 any serious change in the alphabetical order, cross references are 

 given. 



