12 HOLLAND AND TIPPER : INDIAN GEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY. 



as the Dharwars, Aravallis and Charnpaners, while the unfossili- 

 ferous non-foliated sediments, such^as the Cuddapahs, Kurnools and 

 Vindhyans, were regarded as " Older Paleozoic." With the Transi- 

 tions, however, the undisturbed Gwaliors were grouped, although 

 they more nearly resemble the lower part of the Cuddapahs. 



Among the unfossiliferous systems of the Outer Himalaya a dis- 

 tinction was made by regarding the Jaimsars, Deobans and Baxas 

 as older Paleozoic, while the Simla slates, Blaini glacial boulder 

 beds and Krol beds were placed with the Carbo-Trias system on 

 account largely of the supposed equivalence of the glacial beds 

 near Simla with those at the base of the Gondwana system. 

 Attention was drawn to the fact that in the Salt Range and in 

 the Central Himalaya there was an apparently conformable succession 

 of beds between the Permian and the Trias, with a similar gradual 

 passage in Western India between the Cretaceous and Tertiary. 



In 1906 T. H. Holland 1 proposed some changes in the classifi- 

 cation of the Transitions and the unfossiliferous formations of the 

 Peninsula and Himalaya. It was pointed out that the great 

 " break " between the foliated schists and gneisses and the over- 

 lying unfossiliferous strata, such as the Cuddapahs and Vindhyans, 

 indicated a great difference in age between those below and those 

 above, which corresponded roughly with the great Eparchaean 

 interval in America. The foliated Dharwars were thus closely related 

 in time to the gneisses and schists, being actually older than some 

 gneissose granites. These foliated rocks were thus put into one 

 group, the Archaean. The unfossiliferous systems of the Peninsula 

 were likened to the Algonkians (Animikies or Upper Huronian 

 and Keweenawans) of America, and their unfossiliferous character 

 was thought to be due to the same cause which made the great pre- 

 Cambrian strata of America unfossiliferous. These rocks were thus 

 put into another group, the Purana, and, with those of the penin- 

 sula, were associated the unfossiliferous systems of the Outer Hima- 

 laya, the glacial boulder bed of the Simla region being regarded 

 as not necessarily Carboniferous, since similar glacial beds were 

 known among other much older systems in the Southern Hemisphere. 

 Within the Purana there are several unconformities with thicknesses 

 of strata sufficient to constitute fair-sized " groups." Similarly, among 

 the immeasurably older Dharwars " breaks " of unknown value 

 occurred, a.nd it is possible that between the oldest and youngest 



1 Presidential Address : Trans. Min. and Geol. Inst., Ind. 1, 17. 



