64 HOLLAND AND TIPPER : INDIAN GEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY. 



and probably corresponding to the Sequanian (Vredenburg, 

 Summary of the Geology of India, 81). Kantkot is a small 

 town in dutch (23° 29' ; 70° 31'). 



Kapra qiiartzites. — The uppermost of three divisions of the Sul- 

 lavais near Kapra (18° 30' ; 79° 48') in the Godavari valley. 

 Named by W. King {Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind., XVIII, 229, 1881). 

 The rocks weather into forms which resemble the " pinnacled " 

 qiiartzites of the Paneum stage in the Kurnool area. 



Karewahs. — The Kashmiri name for masses of alluvium often form- 

 ing low hills or terraces left by erosion. Regarded by H. H. 

 Godwin-Austen (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, XV, 221, 1858 ; also 

 XX, 383) as of recent lacustrine origin. Considered by R. D. 

 Oldham to be ordinary flnviatile alluvium (Rec. Geol. Surv. 

 Ind., XXXII, 152, 1905). The occurrence of equivalent deposits 

 in Spiti, with their frequent earth-pillars formed by erosion, is 

 described by F. Stoliczka (Mem. Geol. Surv., Ind., V, 119, 

 1866). R. Lydekker (Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind. XI, 32, 1878) distin- 

 guished between the Upper, horizontally bedded, and the Lower, 

 tilted, Karewahs, and regarded the latter as probably as old as 

 the Upper Siwaliks or pliocene (see also Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind., 

 XXII, 80, 1883). 



Karharbari Stage. — The Lower Gondwana coal-seams in the Kar- 

 harbari (Giridih) field were originally correlated with the Bara- 

 kar stage of the Raniganj coalfield (T. W. H. Hughes, Mem. 

 Geol. Serv. Ind., VII," 221, 1868). The affinities between the 

 plants in the lowest coal-bearing beds and those in the Talchirs 

 being noticed, W. T. Blanford urged the separation of the Kar- 

 harbari beds from the Damuda series, regarding them as older 

 than the Barakar stage and more closely related to the Talchirs 

 (Rec. Geol Surv. Ind., XI, 145, 150, 1878). W. Saise (Rec. 

 Geol. Surv. Ind., XXVII, 89, 1894) considered that the grounds 

 for separating the Karharbari beds from the Damudas were in- 

 sufficient. Name from the village of Karharbari (24° 10' ; 86° 

 20') near Giridih in the Hazaribagh district. 



Karnul.— See Kurnool. 



Kasauli stage. — A division of the Lower Sub-Himalayan system of 

 H. B. Medlicott"(Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind., Ill, 12, 17, 85, 1864), 

 named from the^hill station (30° 54' ; 76° ik .57') in the Simla dis- 

 trict, Punjab. iJaWith the more modern nomenclature (Man. 

 Geol. Ind., 1st Ed., 1879, 524) the Kasauli beds are taken to be 



