KULDANA— KUSSAK. 71 



XXIII, 67, 1891) noticed that Stoliczka had included the somewhat 

 similar Lower Triassic shales in Spiti with the Permian Productus 

 bearing shales as one formation, regarding the whole as Carbonifer- 

 ous. Griesbach consequently used the term Productus shales to 

 replace the term Killing shales for the lower formation which 

 is so rich in Productida?. H. H. Hayden (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind., 

 XXXVI, 53, 1904) agrees with this change in nomenclature and 

 defines the Productus shales of Spiti and Bashahr " as a band of 

 dark shale with irregular sandstone partings, included between 

 the top of the calcareous sandstone and the ferruginous limestone 

 containing the zone of Otoceras Woodwardi Griesbach. " The 

 age of the Productus shales is regarded as Permian (loc. tit., 

 55), a correlation confirmed by C. Diener (Mem. Geol. Surv. 

 Ind., XXXVI, Part 3, 1912). 



Kundair (Khoond=air) stage.— Named by W. King (Rec. Geol. 

 Surv. Ind,, II, 7, 1869 ; Mem, Geol, Surv. Ind., VIII, 39, 40, 42, 

 1872) on account of the fact that the rocks are exposed mainly 

 in the Kundair valley (14° 50' ; 78° 40') a tributary of the Pen- 

 ner river. The Kundair is the uppermost stage of the Kurnool 

 series, and is composed of — 



(b) Nandyal shales. 



(a) Koil-Kuntla limestones. 



Kund=ghat (Khund=ghat) beds.— Name given by W. Waagen 

 (Pal. Ind,, Ser. XIII, Vol. IV, Part 2, 241, 1891) to the lower 

 and middle divisions of the Upper Productus Limestone of 

 the Punjab Salt Eange. Kund-Ghat (32° 25' ; 72° 16') is in the 

 Shahpur district, leading up over the southern edge of the 

 range from the alluvial plains. In conjunction with the Chidru 

 beds this stage was regarded as about equivalent to the Upper 

 Permian. 



Kurnool series.— Named by W. King (Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., II, 

 5, 1869 ; Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind,, VIII, 1, 1872) from one of the 

 districts in which it is well developed in the Madras Presidency. 

 The rocks are entirely unfossihferous and are included, with the 

 great underlying Cuddapah system, in the Purana group of sup- 

 posed pre-C'ambrian age. The Kurnools are possibly equivalent 

 to the Lower Vindhyans of Central India. 



Kussak Stage. — Name used by F. Noetling (Rec. Geol. Surv. hid., 

 XXVII, 75, 1894) for the division of the Cambrian beds in the 



