110 HOLLAND AND TIPPER: INDIAN GEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY. 



Siwalik system.— Named by H. B. Mecllicott (Mem., Geol. Surv., LiuL, 

 III, part 2, 13, 14, 101, 1864) from the Siwalik hills in the United 

 Provinces and the Punjab Sub-Himalayan belt. The term Siwalik 

 was originally applied to the Upper Sub-Himalayan series— the 

 beds above the Nahan stage — but it is now used as a system name 

 to include the Nahans, which form the lowest of its three series 

 (Man., Geol. Ind,, 1st Ed., 1879, 524; 2nd Ed., 1893, 356). 

 Representatives of various parts of the Siwalik system have been 

 found in the North- West Frontier Province, Jammu, Baluchistan, 

 Sind and Persia, while the Tipam sandstone series of Assam and 

 the Irrawaddy series in Burma represent a similar development 

 to the east of the typical area. According to G. E. Pilgrim (Rec, 

 Geol. Surv., Ind., XL, 189—205, 1910) the ages of the three 

 divisions are as follows : 



Upper Siwalik 

 Middle Siwalik 

 Lower Siwalik 



Pliocene. 

 Pontian. 

 Tortonian and Sarmatian. 



The fauna has been described by H. Falconer and P. T. Cautley 

 {Fauna antiqua Sivalensis), R. Lydekker (Pal. Ind., Ser. X.), 

 and G. E. Pilgrim (Rec., Geol, Surv., Ind., vol. XL, 63—71, 

 Pal. Ind., new ser., vol. IV, mernS. 1, 2, 1911-12). 

 Son Series. — Name given by E. Vredenburg to the formation known 

 as Lower Vindhyan (Rec., Geol. Surv., Ind., XXXIII, 258, 1906), 

 from the Son valley in which these rocks are well developed. The 

 old names Suh-Kaimur and Semri were superseded by Lower 

 Vindhyan about 1864, but the new Son series is united by 

 Vredenburo- with his Tons series to form the Ken sub-svstem 

 of the Vindhyans. 



South Mahratta Country beds.— A part of the "Diamond 

 Sandstone, and Limestone " system of T. J. Newbold (Journ. 

 Roy. As. Soc, VIII, 159, 1844) ' separated by a zone of 

 outcropping hypogene and plutonic rocks, about a degree and half 

 in breadth, from the C'uddapah beds, and immediately to the 

 westward of them. . . .extending north and south from the vicinity 

 of Chimulghi, near the confluence of the Kistna and the Gut- 

 purba, to Gujunderghur on the south, and from Moodgul on 

 the east, to the subordinate chains of the Western Ghauts at 

 Gokauk, and thence stretching down southerly towards Bel- 

 ga*vn." The rocks referred to are evidently the Kaladgis of 

 R. B. Foote, who also correlated them with the Cuddapahs, 



