SIWALIK— SPITI. Ill 



Spandite.— Named by L. L. Fermor (Mem,, Geol. Sun., hid,, XXXVII, 

 163, 179, 1909). Portmanteau name proposed for a garnet 

 intermediate between spessartite (3 MnO. Al s 3 . 3 Si 0,) and 

 andradite (3CaO.Fe.,0 3 .3SiO.,). Found in rocks of the kodurite 

 series (q. v.). 



Speckled sandstone series— A. B. Wynne (Mem., Geol. Surv., Ind., 

 XIV, 69, 90, 1877) used this name for the beds intervening 

 between the so-called Magnesian sandstone (Jutana) series and 

 the Productus Limestone in the Western Salt Eange of the Punjab. 

 At the base of the series occurs the well known boulder-bed contain- 

 ing glaciated pebbles associated with sandstones and shales in which 

 fossils have been found similar to many known in the Upper Carboni- 

 ferous formations of Australia (W. Waagen : Pal. Ind. Ser. XIII, 

 Vol. IV, 60, 145, 147, 1890-91). The boulder-beds recognised by 

 AVvnne as associated with the Olive series (Cardita Beaunionti beds) 

 in the Eastern Salt Range are correlated with that in the Speckled 

 Sandstone series (W. Waagen : Rec, Geol. Surv., Ind,, XIX, 22, 

 1886 ; H. Warth, Ibid., XX, 117, 1887). 



Spintangi beds.— R. D. Oldham (Rec, Geol Surv., Ind., XXIII, 96, 

 1890) gave this name to a division of the Tertiary formations in 

 Baluchistan typically exposed near Spintangi (29° 55' ; 68° 8') in 

 the Sibi district. The beds are said to follow conformably on the 

 Ghazij beds and to be overlaid unconformably by the Siwaliks. 

 The beds include a nodular limestone with thick beds of gypsum 

 and green shales. The Spintangi beds are regarded by Oldham 

 as equivalent to the Kirthar of Sind. E. Vredenburg (Rec, Geol. 

 Surv., Ind.. XXXIV, 182, 1906) correlates them with the Upper 

 Kirthar as mostly Upper Lutetian in age. 



Spiti shales.— Named by F. Stoliczka (Mem,, Geol. Sun., Ind,, V, 85, 

 1866) from the valley in which they were first observed in the 

 Punjab Central Himalaya. They consist typically of black 

 shales about 500 feet thick. Regarded as Upper Jurassic in age, 

 some of the Ammonites, however, showing even Lower Neocomian 

 affinities (V. Uhlig, Pal. Ind., Ser. XV, vol. IV, 1903). The 

 Spiti shales have been recognised in Hazara, Spiti and Kumaon 

 as well as north of Nepal and north of Sikkim. The paleeontological 

 results completed by Uhlig (1911) indicate a range for the Spiti 

 Shales from Oxfordian to Valanginian inclusive (Director's Genl. 

 Report, Rec, Geol. Surv., Ind., XLI, 68, 1911). See Chidamu and 

 Lochambel. 



