126 HOLLAND AND TIPPER: INDIAN GEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY. 



Zamia beds.— Name used by W. T. Blanford (Mem., Geol. Surv., Ind., 

 VI, 18, 27, 1867) for some plant-bearing beds in Cutch. The 

 term was absorbed into Umia beds (q.v.). 



Zanskar (Zangskar) system.— The formations, largely of limestone, 

 above the Panjal system in Kashmir were so grouped by R. 

 Lydekker {Mem., Geol. Surv., Ind., XXII, 122, 1888), and named 

 from the Zangskar range (34° 0' ; 77° 20'). Sub-divided into 

 the— 



(c) Chikkim. } 



(b) Supra-Kuling > series. 



(a) Kuling ) 



The oldest among the beds grouped together in this comprehen- 

 sive system are of Upper Carboniferous age, while the Chikkim 

 series is Cretaceous. The name has thus been found to be of 

 provisional and local value only. 



Zebingyi Stage. — Name given by T. H. D. La Touche (Director's 

 General Report for 1899-1900, 83) to soft, yellow sandy beds with 

 bands of nodular limestones in the neighbourhood of Zebingyi 

 (21° 53' ; 96° 21') and other parts of the Northern Shan States. 

 Examination of the fossils collected indicates, according to F. R. 

 Cowper Reed {Pal. Ind., New Ser., Vol. II, Mem. No. 3), Upper- 

 most Silurian or Lower Devonian age. In the most recent account 

 (Mem., Geol. Surv., Ind., XXXIX, 163, 1913) these beds are 

 classed as distinct from the underlying Namhsim and are in- 

 cluded in the Silurian rather than in the Devonian, although 

 forming true passage-beds. 



Zewan beds. — Name employed by H. H. Godwin-Austen (Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc, XXII, 33, 1866) for shales and limestones in 

 Kashmir containing fossils regarded by T. Davidson (Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc., XXII, 39) as Carboniferous in age and displayed 

 typically in the Zewan (Ziawan) spur near Panduchak (34° 10' ; 

 74° 55') in the Vihi district of Kashmir, south-east of Srinagar. 

 The section has been described in detail by H. H. Hayden (Rec., 

 Geol. Surv., Ind., XXXVI, 27, 1907) who found Ganganwpteris 

 in the shales underlying the Zewan beds conformably. For 

 other localities with the same association of Lower Gondwana 

 forms and marine fossils, cf. C. S. Middlemiss, Rec, Geol. Surv., 

 Ind., XXXVII, Part 4 and XL, Part 3. The fossils found by 

 Middlemiss (Rec, Geol. Surv., Ind., XL, 237, 257, 1910) indicate 



