2 ORTHOPTERA 



This subfamily is briefly characterized as follows : 



Antennae inserted between the lower edge of the eyes, nearer the clypeal suture than the top of 

 the occiput. Prosternum unarmed or armed with a pair of spines; pronotum without spines or ser- 

 rations, the disk flat or sellate, lateral carina; present or absent. Both sexes winged, but the organs of 

 flight are always short and, especially in the female, almost or quite concealed beneath the pronotum; 

 tympanii well developed in both sexes. Tarsi depressed, the posterior ones with the third segment 

 longer than the second; fore tibia; furnished with conchate foramina and armed above with an apical 

 spine on the outer side only; hind tibiae with four apical spurs below and above without apical spines 

 or with one on the inner side only; femora not strongly swollen basally. Ovipositor usually as long as, 

 or longer than, the abdomen and curved more or less strongly upwards. 



The first general review of this subfamily was by Bolivar in 1878, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 

 Vol. 7, p. 446. He gave tables of genera and species as then known. The same author twenty-five years 

 later. Ann. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli (n. ser.), Vol. 1, p. 1, 2 (igo3), enumerates the genera and points 

 out that the sternum furnishes promising characters for classification. Recently Dr. Malcolm Burr, Ent. 

 Record. Vol. 19, p. 237-239 (1907), gives a brief but able discussion of the subfamily with a table of 

 genera and then follows with a treatment of the species found in western Europe. 



Nine genera comprise this subfamily. The}' may be separated by the following table : 



TABLE OF GENERA OF THE FAMILY EPHlPPIGERINJi 1) 



1 . Pronotum flat above (with distinct persistent lateral carinas) ; proster- 



num armed with a pair of spines 1. Genus Pycnogaster, Graells. 



— Pronotum sellate, the metazona in a different plane than that of the 



prozona ; prosternum unarmed 2. 



2. Vertex inclined, with the fastium forming a tubercle, and generally 



sulcate longitudinally, contiguous beneath with a frontal tubercle, 



which is narrower than the first segment of the antennae 3. 



— Vertex vertical, with fastigium little prominent ; no frontal tubercle; 



suture of the union with the vertex greater than the breadth of the 



first segment of the antennae 6. 



3. Pronotum with no lateral keels separating disc from side flaps, more or 



less cylindrical 2. Genus Ephippx;era. Latreille. 



— Pronotum with lateral keels separating the disc from the side flaps 4. 



4. Supraanal plate of male not separated from the anal segment, lohich is 



produced between the cerci (ovipositor . in the European species, 



strongly curved upwards) . 3. Genus Uromenus, Bolivar. 



— Supraanal plate ot male more or less separated from the anal segment. 



(Ovipositor slightly curved) 5. 



5. Ventral segments entire, that is, represented by a smooth or lumpy cen- 



tral plate ; supraanal plate of male joined to the anal segment, the point 

 of union marked by a distinct furrow. Cerci ot mule conical or cylin- 

 drical and truncate obliquely at the extremity . with an inner tooth 

 in the middte or apical half 4. Genus Steropleurus. Bolivar 



— Ventral segments represented, at least at the base of the abdomen, bv 



1) After Burr, with slight modification. 



