184 Notes on Moorcroft' s Travels in Ladakh, [No. 147. 



the name of Hor, but the well- watered tracts about Yarkand seem 

 better able to rear and to maintain a, race of conquerors, than the 

 sterile and rugged district near the heads of the Indus and Burram- 

 pooter. The present position of the Hor or Khor race also agrees well 

 with that ascribed to the Chawranei of the ancients, and I think we 

 may presume them to be the same — Csoma-de-Koros' Gram. 6-19-6, 

 identified the Hors with the Turks, and it may be worth enquiry 

 whether Khorassan, Khwarizm, &c. be not connected with this race, 

 and even whether the Gorkhas are not a colony of the same people, 

 notwithstanding their alleged Indian descent. There are such co- 

 lonies of distant Tartars in the Himalayas, as for instance the Lepchas 

 near Darjeeling. 



Religion, — Lamaism. — The Lamas wear red or yellow according to 

 their order. The dress of the grand Lama at Lassa is yellow, but that 

 of the chief Lamas in Ladahk is red — Moorcroft, II, 323. 



The religion of Ladakh, like that of Tibet and China, is the 

 worship of Buddha under a peculiar Hierarchy. Every family in 

 which there is more than one son, furnishes a Lama or Gehem, who is 

 at once a Canobite, and a family priest, attached to a monastic in- 

 stitution under a Lama or Abbot, ordinarily living amongst the peo- 

 ple, and conducting the rites of their daily worship in their own 

 houses, in which a chamber is usually appropriated to an image and 

 attendant priest. The chief Lamas are appointed from Lassa, and 

 continue to acknowledge the supremacy of the pontiff of that city- 

 They all profess poverty and celibacy, but a man who has been mar- 

 ried, is admissible into their order. There are also establishments of 

 religious females called Chumas Anis. The Lamas, Gelums and Anis, 

 or priests, monks, and nuns, are divided into two sects; the red, or old, 

 and new or yellow priesthood. — Moorcroft, II, 339-40. 



The religion is Lama. The Lamas in Kunawar are of three sects 

 Geeloopa, Dookpa, and Neengma, but I could not hear of that called 

 Shammar by Captain Turner. The Geloopas or Gelookpas are reck- 

 oned the highest, since the heads of their religion at Teshoo, Loom- 

 boo and Lahassa are of the same sect. They wear yellow cloth gar- 

 ments, and caps of the same of various shapes. The Dookpas are 

 dressed indifferently but have red caps, and the Neengmas wear the 

 same, or go bare-headed ; the two former do not marry, but there is no 



