20() Notes on Moor crofts Travels in Ladakh, [No. 147. 



it is only when there are several brothers, that the younger ones be- 

 come monks. If there is but one son, he will not, (as the rule,) become 

 a Lama, so that the house or family is still maintained ; besides which, 

 celibacy is only enjoined on one out of the four orders of Lamas which 

 prevail west of the Mansarawar Lake. I took the census of the Hang- 

 rang district of Bhotees subject to Bisseher. The total population in 

 1842 was 760, of whom 373 were males, and 387 were females, an 

 excess of less than four in the hundred. Another census taken less ear- 

 fully, and in which indeed I had but little reason to place confidence, 

 gave nine more females than males. 



Polyandry in spite of the seclusion of the people of the hills and 

 a general simplicity of manners, has a marked effect in increasing 

 bastardy. Of the 760 people of Hangrang, 26 are bastards, which 

 is one in about 29, and as a comparatively few grown-up people 

 only were admitted to be illegitimate, I apprehend there may be more 

 than 26. 



In 1835, the population of England and Wales was about 14,750,000, 

 and the number of bastards affiliated, (before the New Poor Law came 

 into operation,) was 65,475, which gives one in about 226 ; even if the 

 number born should double those affiliated, the proportion would still 

 speak strongly against Polyandry in regard to female purity. ( Wade's 

 British History, p. 1041 and 1055.) It is not clear whether the num- 

 ber of bastards is given for England only, or for England and Wales, 

 but this circumstance would not greatly affect the result. 



Gerard, p. 3, estimates the population of Hangrang at 1056. This 

 was upwards of twenty years ago, and although it may have been 

 somewhat greater than now, I do not believe it could differ one-third 

 of his total, or one-half of mine. 



Characters of the Kunawarees and Bhotees. — Thieves and robbers 

 are unknown (in Kunawar,) and a person's word may be implicitly 

 relied on in any thing regarding money matters. They have not the 

 least distrust or suspicion. (Captain Gerard then quotes two instances, 

 in which a few rupees were advanced to him by Kunawarees.) 



The Kunawarees pride themselves on their country, and well 

 know how superior they are to the other mountaineers. — Gerard, 

 p. 76-77- I did not like them (the Bhotees) so well at first as the 

 Kunawarees, but they improved on further acquaintance with them 





