1844.] 



and on Gerard's Account of Kundivar. 



221 



The ordinary domestic animals are ponies, asses, a few mules, ordi- 

 nary hill bulls, yaks, sheep, and goats. To these may be added dogs 

 and cats. The ponies are small but hardy; a better kind comes from 

 the valley of the Indus, and a better still from beyond the Karakorum 

 range. The asses are small. The yaks are as numerous as the com- 

 mon black cattle of the lower hills, but they are chiefly imported ; and 

 the most valuable animals for draught and dairy produce are the 

 male and female hybrids of the yak and cow. There is nothing pe- 

 culiar to a casual observer in the ordinary sheep and goats ; but the 

 sheep of the highlands near the Indus on either side is not uncommon, 

 and is famous for its long silky wool. The Government agency (about 

 1820) failed, however, to bring this wool to Kotghar, (six marches above 

 Simlah,) at such a price as to render it a profitable export to England. 

 For this there may be two reasons ; 1st, the dirty state of the wool ; and 

 2nd, the very large prices necessarily given, by suddenly increasing 

 ad libitum, the demand for the article. Captain Gerard himself con- 

 firms this, when he says, (p. 19,) the Kunawarees found it more pro- 

 fitable to take their wool to Rampur (or Kotghar) than to Gurhwal, 

 see also Captain Hutton's Tour, II, 12, Journal Asiatic Society. The 

 pashm of the goat of this quarter (Hangrang, &c.) is short and in- 

 ferior. The dogs are of the kind known as the Tibet mastiff, but 

 somewhat smaller. The cat does not appear to differ from the domes- 

 tic animal of India. 



I annex a statement of the hybrids common in Upper Kunawar 

 and the adjacent Bhotee districts : — 



Yak— Cow. 



Bull— Zoino. 



t " \\ i » 



Zho (male), Zomo (female.) Trolpo, Trolmeh, 



Superior Milk betterl (male.) (female.) 



for carriage. and more] Good for car- Milk equal 



abundant Hage, but to that of 



than that slow. the common 



of the Cow. 

 common 

 Cow. 



Bull — Tkolmhh. 



Produce scarce- 

 ly distinguish 

 able from that 

 of the common 

 Hull and Cow. 



Yak— Zomo. 



Gano. Gareh. 



(male.) (female.) 



Die in a gear or two. I 

 add this as indirectly cor- 

 roborative of the incapa- 

 city of Hybrids to con- 

 tinue their mixed race. 



