224 Notes on Moorcrofts Travels in Ladakh, [No. 148. 



Milchan, and differ principally in the tenses of verbs and cases of 

 nouns. — Gerard, p. 87, 88. 



Captain Gerard might have added a sixth language or dialect ; viz. 

 that of the Kohlis or Chumars, noticed under the head of Religion and 

 Caste. This differs as much from the Kunawaree, as that does from 

 the Bhotee. 



The different dialects of Kunawar show how various the speech of a 

 rude people may be ; and the localities of each kind of infinitive may 

 prove, that the tract of country was occupied by one race in the first 

 instance, and that in the three fertile, but secluded valleys of the N.E., 

 a difference of speech arose. Lappa, Kanam and Sungnam are the 

 principal places in these valleys, and each has its own tongue, the two 

 former differing chiefly in the modifications of the nouns and verbs, 

 while the dialect of Sungnam owes much to the neighbouring language 

 of Tibet. Shassb, however, is in the same valley as Sungnam and near 

 to it, and as the Kanam dialect prevails there, a comparatively recent 

 migration to that place may be inferred. 



In what is now called Upper Kunawar, there are five villages on the 

 left bank of the Sutlej, half of the inhabitants of four of which are 

 Bhotees, while of the fifth, all are of that race. The Bhotees have also 

 a village on the right bank in what is called Kunawar Proper, (i. e. six 

 instead of seven in all, as Gerard says, p. 101,) and I think it likely 

 that they formerly occupied the Sutlej valley as low down as Cihni, 

 but gave way before the Kunawarees. 



This would explain the Bhotee derivatives of the Upper Kunawar 

 dialects. 



Milchan is the Rampur term for the common Kunawaree ; in that 

 language the term is Milchanang. I would say that the infinitives 

 end in miti and niti, rather than in mig and nig. 



Theburskud, or correctly Tibberkad, is also called Sungnam-pa-kad, 

 but is frequently applied to all the dialects differing from the common. 

 Kad, not shad, is a Kunawaree term for speech, language. 



The infinitives of the Lidung or Lippa verbs, I would write as ent 

 or enh\ rather than ens. 



The annexed table gives a specimen of the dialects of Kunawar, 

 (including those of the Bhotees and Kohlis,) while the note appended 



