1844.] and on Gerard's Account of Kundwar. 229 



I never heard of the term Pue Koachim, nor could I get a meaning 

 to Pue as a single word. The Keao of Gerard seems to be connected 

 with Koachim, and both may be so with Ghea or Gheaneh, by which 

 is understood China, or the country of the Emperor. 



Gnaree, (Gnari,) is of greater extent than is allowed by Gerard, 

 (see under the head chanthan, name.) It is called Beang by the 

 Kunawarees, and hence beanghee, applied to wool — Gerard, p. 115. 



Dukpa is the term applied to shepherd tribes generally, and it must 

 have been erroneously identified with Bootan. 



I may here add a word regarding Cashmir. It is called by the 

 Bhotees and Kunawarees, Katch or Katchi simply, or Katch-yul, 

 i. e. the country of Katch. Mr. Vigne {Travels II, 44-46) enlarges 

 on the frequent occurrence of the word Kash ; but without giving it 

 the many geographical positions which he does, and even he omits 

 some, it is probable that a tribe of the name once possessed the whole 

 course of the Indus, if indeed the word has not a more general mean- 

 ing and a wider application. Kotch is the common Persian term for 

 migration, moving about, &c. Richardson says, there is a wandering 

 tribe of Arabs so called, and to the present day there is in Afghanis- 

 tan, a race of wandering Mahometans termed Kotchi. Katch, 

 however, might at one time have been applied to Cashmir, to Cutch 

 Bhooj, to Cutch Gandwa, and to the greater part of Chachar in its 

 signification of a swamp or low country, and this would leave Kotchi 

 unencumbered, and meaning simply wanderer. 



It appears till within the last 70 or 80 years, the Cashmirees traded 

 through Kunawar, and in several villages there are still to be found 

 the graves of these carriers or dealers. In Kanam, a temple sacred to 

 a deota or hill spirit, has been erected on the site of a house which 

 belonged to the Cashmirees, and up to the present time, the villagers 

 sacrifice a goat to the god of their former guests, in imitation, they say, 

 of their practice. 



Throughout Tibet, Europeans are catted filing, (feeling, see also Mr, 

 Vigne, II, 326). The origin of this appellation is worthy of some 

 inquiry, as I have been informed, by a man of knowledge and 

 research, that it is used by the Chinese writers before the conquests of 

 the Mahometans could have made Fwang, familiar to the ears of 

 orientals; and that it may have a more direct connection with the 



