1844.] and on Gerard's Account of Kundwar. 233 



The Yul-sung of Mr. Vigne, Travels, II, 249, is I imagine another 

 form of Uchang, although yul means country, and also village. 



The four Rivers, (i. e. the Indus, Burrampooter, fyc. fyc.,J and the 

 Mansarawar Lake. — The river that may be regarded as the most strik- 

 ing and important feature in the geography of Ladakh, is the great 

 eastern branch of the Indus or Sinh Khabab, the river that rises from 

 the Lion's mouth, in reference to the Tibetan notion, borrowed perhaps 

 from the Hindus, of the origin of four great rivers from the mouths of 

 as many animals; as the Indus from the lion's mouth; the Ganges, 

 Mab-cha Kha-bab, from that of the peacock ; the Sutlej, Lang chin 

 Khabab, from that of the elephant ; and the Ster-chuk Khabab, or 

 river of Tibet, from the mouth of the horse.— Moorcroft, II. 261. 



Major Rennel says, the river that runs from Lanken, that is, 

 Lanka, lake of Du Halde, is named Lantshon, or by Dr. Gilchrist's 

 way of spelling, Lankchoo or Langchoo, for k and gare interchan- 

 ged. Now this is little different from what the Sutlej is called in 

 Chinese Tartary, that is, Lang Zhingchoo, or Langhing Kampa. I 

 could not ascertain the meaning of Zhing, but it appears to have 

 nothing to do with the name of the river, for the Indus is named 

 Singhechoo or Singzhingchoo, as well as Singzing Kamper, and 

 the last word means river. — Gerard, p. 23, 24. 



The usual name of this river (the Indus) has been mentioned, but 

 it is likewise called Kampa-choo and Sampoo, or Sangpo, all of which 

 words in the Tartar language signify river. 



The third river is said to be larger than the Indus, and is called 

 Tamjoo, Damchoo or Erechumbo ; that is, the Brahmapootra. The 

 first word is recognized in the Tzango or Tzancire of Father Georgi, 

 who crossed it on his way to Lhassa, and Captain Turner mentions 

 the last at Teshoo Loomboo. 



The fourth river is the Gogra. — Gerard, p. 133, 134. 



The four rivers are the Indus, the Sutlej, the Kali or Gogra, and 

 the Burrampooter ; and the names are as follows : the Indus, Singchin 

 Kabab or Kampa; the Sutlej, Langchin Kabab or Kampa; the Gogra, 

 Mamchin Kabab or Kampa ; and the Berampooter, Tacho or Tamjood 

 Kabab or Kampa. 



Sing is lion, lang is bull, (not elephant, although the Tibetan for 

 elephant simply means, as I hear, great bull). Mam, is peacock ; 



