244 Notes on Moorcroft! s Travels in Ladahh, [No. 148. 



posed of Chinese or Mantchu soldiers; but they are really the depu- 

 ties of the Emperor, although orders do not run in their names. 



Deba or deva is a rank only, and the possessor may or may not be 

 the governor of a town or district. It is I suspect a term applied by the 

 people of India only. 



Paupon, or as I have heard it paupo, appears to be applied to the 

 manager of one district only about Garo; viz. that of Chumurti. 



Lassa is the deputy of the head-man of a village. The head-man 

 is called goba or gatpo, but the signification of goba appears to be 

 extended occasionally, and the head-man of the Rupshu district of 

 Ladakh is called goba. 



The karpaun, Moorcroft, vol. I, p. 448; garpun, vol. II, p. 16; and 

 kapun, vol. II, p. 42, appears to mean karrpan or killadar, as above 

 explained. 



The zungpani are placed over large districts, the karpan over 

 small. The different designations however of petty local authorities 

 seem to be very numerous. 



I may here add, what I have heard of the different authorities 

 at Lassa, as my information somewhat differs from that given by 

 Hamilton in his Gazetteer, almost the only book my position has al- 

 lowed me to refer to. 



Under the Gheawang Rinbotcheh, comes the Bhot ghelpo or Raja, 

 or King of Bhot. He is usually an incarnation, but if any delay takes 

 place in the spirit of the deceased finding a habitation, the Gheawang 

 Rinbotcheh selects a person from one of the four great monasteries. 

 Whether he is deposed on the re-appearance of the divinity in a human 

 form, I cannot say. 



Under the ghelpo are four kolons or sawangs, i. e. vazirs. These 

 four men form the executive government of the country. 



Under the kolons or sawangs, are eight dappans or military com- 

 manders. 



There are six changzuds or treasurers. 



The subdivisions of the country are managed by zungpans over 

 the large, and karrpans over the smaller. 



Nuna. — One of whom was the nunaov deputy khalun, Moorcroft, 1,248. 

 The business of the government is administered by the khalun or prime 

 minister, assisted by the nuna khalun or deputy. — Moorcroft, II, 334. 



