1844.] Political Events in tlie Car natic, from 1564 to 1687- 427 



one effort to recover Guntoor from the Golconda sovereign, but was 

 obliged to retire with an apology that sufficiently marks his imbecile 

 character. Of the small degree of attention paid to his authority, we 

 have the evidence of the European Missionaries of that period, who 

 expressly state, that " theNaig of Madura was then at open war with 

 him;* his protection was however courted by the Missionaries, and 

 he appears to have lent a favorable ear to them ; and induced by the 

 solicitation of the merchants of his country, he seemed inclined to 

 grant a settlement to our East India Company's factors, had not 

 the Dutch, who had already established themselves at Pullicat, op- 

 posed it In their correspondence they observe, that his death without 

 male issue was expected to be followed (as in fact it was) by great 

 troubles in the ensuing year."t 



14. While these causes operated to retard the progress of the Ma- 

 homedan arms in this interval of 32 years, a few aspiring individuals 

 laid the foundation of an intermediate order of things, which in 

 the central districts occupied the place of the late government, and 

 gave origin to a series of smaller states which gradually grew up and 

 increased in power and territory, in proportion as by force or superior 

 address, they could extort or wrest from the lesser usurpers their 

 newly acquired possessions. In this incessant struggle, every artifice 

 of a policy adapted to the circumstances of the times, and to the 

 peculiar habits of these people,J was called forth into action, and 

 exerted with a perseverance not unworthy of the struggles of a nobler 

 cause. 



15. In the more northern parts of the ancient Carnatic government, 

 which had been abandoned in a manner of the ancient rulers as 

 more exposed to the incursions of the Mahomedans, these usurpations 

 more particularly are to be noticed, as being connected with the events 



* See Purchas, Vol. p. . 



f See Floris' Voyages in Ustley's Collection, Vol. IV, p. . 



X According to the native Memoirs, every chief of superior talents or good fortune 

 is always praised for his address and knowledge in the Chatoor-Oopayem, or four modes 

 or measures resorted to in the Hindoo diplomatique science ; viz. 



1 Sama.— Address, Negotiation, Policy. 3. Bhedha Byctratagem; or" Ruse de 

 2. Daana.— Presents, Gifts, Conciliatory Guerre." 



Measures. 4. Dundah.— Downright force, or the 



" ultima lex reguin." 



