168 Asiatic Society. [No. 134. 



Another, the huge animal with immense cheek-callosities and gigantic extremities, 

 has the ridges of the skull less elevated than in the next kind, "but the size of the 

 adult skulls is equal ;" in this "the ridges rising from the frontal bones do not meet, 

 but converge towards the top of the head, and again diverge towards the posterior por- 

 tion of the skull." Unfortunately, we have n"ot the cranium of Dr. Abel's Sumatran 

 specimen, the skin of which, as I stated in my former Report, possesses cheek-callosi- 

 ties of moderate size ; but the skin of the head is mutilated so that it cannot be ascer- 

 tained whether the frontal ridges meet or not on the vertex, although they are strongly 

 marked on the skin so far as this is perfect. The whole top of the head from the fore- 

 head has, in fact, been cut away ; and all that we possess of the osteology of this specimen 

 is the lower jaw, which presents a very decided difference of form from the lower jaws 

 of both the others. There appears to be no reason, however, for doubting that this 

 Sumatran animal is perfectly identical with the Bornean Mias Pappan of Brooke, or 

 Pithecus Wurmbii of Owen ; and accordingly the Pithecus Abelii (verus) must be 

 reduced to a synonym. 



In a third form of skull, " the two ridges, one rising from each frontal bone, join on 

 the top of the head, forming an elevated crest, which runs backward to the cerebral 

 portion of the skull." This Mr. Brooke presumes to be the Mias Bambi, a third 

 species distinguished by some of the natives of Borneo, and stated by them " to be as 

 tall as the Pappan, or even taller, but not so stout, with longer hair, a smaller face, 

 and no callosities either on the male or female ; and they always insisted that it was 

 not the female of the Pappan," which is asserted by them to have cheek-callosities, 

 the same as the male. The probability of this being a distinct species is further 

 strengthened by a large adult living female shipped by Mr. Brooke for England; 

 "her colour is dark brown, with black face and hands ; and in colour of hair, contour 

 and expression, she differs from the male Orangs, with the callosities, to a degree that 

 makes me doubt," writes Mr. Brooke, " her being the female of the same species." A 

 skull of a Bornean specimen according with this description exists in our Museum, 

 being clearly identical in kind with that (also from Borneo) figured in the Zoological 

 Society's * Transactions,' II, plates XXXI and XXX II ; but it is evidently that of a 

 female from its smaller size, the inferior developement of the ridges, and the size of 

 the canines. 



In the first Volume of the same work, Professor Owen has described and given two 

 figures of an alleged Sumatran Orang's skull, which differs again in certain parti- 

 culars from the large Bornean specimen figured by him as adverted to. The profile 

 of the face, if I remember rightly, is much more concave ; but our library is unfor- 

 tunately deficient in that part of the volume, and I have been unable to get it else- 

 where in Calcutta. However, in describing the Bornean specimen, Mr. Owen writes 



(in Vol. II, p. 168), that " The osteological differences relating to the structure 



and contour of the cranium, [in the Bornean and presumed . Sumatran specimens,] 

 have been described in my previous communication on the subject, and I now subjoin 

 figures, of the natural size, of the cranium of an$dult male, undoubtedly from Borneo 

 (pi. XXXI and XXXII), a comparison of which with the figure of the (said to be 

 Sumatran) Orang's skull (pi. LIII and L1V, Vol. I, Trans. Zool. Soc), will convey 

 an adequate idea of the osteological difference alluded to." Both have the ridges 



