182* Asiatic Society, [No. 134. 



Cavalry, and now Civil Surgeon at Nellore, alike for specimens, valuable informa- 

 tion, and the identification of species and reduction of their synonyms, will be duly 

 apparent from the foregoing remarks and emendations. 



[Note to p. 168, 1. 8/rorn bottom, at the word " Calcutta," received after the sheet had gone to Press.] 



The desired information is given, however, at least in part, in Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1836, p. 91, 

 on the occasion of Mr. Owen's first distinguishing the P. morio, a skull of which was exhibited to- 

 gether with that noticed in the following passage : " Of the two crania of the Bornean Orangs, one 

 differed materially from the other in size and in the development of the cranial ridges, the larger 

 specimen before the Society [the other being P. morio] closely resembled the cranium of the Bor- 

 nean Pongo or adult Orang in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, and differed, in precisely the 

 same respects as that specimen, from the cranium of the Pongo (supposed to be Sumatran) in the 

 possession of Mr. Cross, described and figured in the first Volume of the [Zoological] Society's 

 Transactions (p. 380, PI. 53), which induced Mr. Owen to entertain more strongly his original sus- 

 picion, that that cranium belonged to an Orang specifically distinct from the great Bornean species 

 (Simia Wormbii of Fischer). With respect to the differences alluded to, he stated that the cranium 

 of the great Bornean Orang was characterized by the more oblique plane of the orbits, and conse- 

 quently the straightness of the contour of the skull between the forehead or glabella and the in- 

 cisor teeth; the external boundaries of the surface were broad and had a rough irregular surface, 

 probably in consequence of the developement of the callous protuberancies which characterize the 

 sides of the face in the adult males of that species. The symphysis of the lower jaw was also pro- 

 portionally deeper than in the (supposed) Sumatran Pongo. * * * The sexual peculiarities 

 observable in the cranium of both the Bornean and Sumatran Pongos are well marked, and are 

 exemplified, first in a difference of relative size, that of the female being about one-sixth smaller ; 

 secondly, in a much smaller development of the cranial ridges ; and thirdly in the symphysis menti 

 being of less depth, the cranium of the female approaching in these respects, according to the 

 usual law of sexual development, towards the characters of the immature animal." 



Now it must be borne in mind that neither the Bornean animal with callosities (or Simia Wormbii, 

 Fischer), nor Dr. Abel's Sumatran species (upon which was founded S. Abelii, Fischer), are really 

 adverted to in the foregoing remarks ; these appearing to be precisely the same, as shewn in the 

 text: but two additional forms of this genus, both differing from the animal with callosities (as 

 identified by Mr. Brook), and resembling each other, in the union of the frontal ridges posteriorly 

 along the vertex. With regard to the rugosity of the orbits, noticed by Mr. Owen in the male 

 Bornean skull, the same is observable in the female Bornean skull of that species in this Society's 

 Museum ; although it would appear that the animal in question does not possess the callosities : and 

 as compared with the lower jaw of Dr. Abel's Sumatran specimen (of the animal with callosities), 

 that of the female Bornean skull here noticed has the ascending portion of the jaw very much wider 

 (in the antero-posterior direction), measuring two inches and three-quarters on a level with the inser- 

 tion of the molars ; while the corresponding breadth in Dr. Abel's male specimen is but two inches 

 and a quarter : the chin also is very differently formed, being deeper and more slanting in the lat- 

 ter, while in the other it is sooner rounded off, and the alveolar portion of the jaw is of more even 

 depth throughout, the termination of the symphysis being carried farther backward. In fact, the 

 lower jaw alone exhibits a very striking difference in each of the three species of Orangs before me, 

 sufficient of itself to warrant the suspicion of their being distinct. 



