1843.] of the Punjaub and part of Afghanistan. 223 



small stream near to it, sandstone occurs jointed, the joints being at 

 right angles to the seams of stratification. On leaving Shuckardurrah, 

 the route lies along the bed of the Turali river, in which we have the 

 following interesting section. (Fig. III.) The rocks dip almost due 

 south under an angle of 80°, and as we proceed, we meet with red, green, 

 and grey sandstones, with the same dip and angle of inclination ; and 

 resting upon them in an unconformable position there is an immense 

 bed of clay, about seventy feet thick, filled with boulders of trap, 

 quartz rock, granite, &c. These strata continued onwards till a 

 little beyond Shebicki, where we meet with fossiliferous limestone, 

 which forms all the strata in the neighbourhood of Cohat. In the 

 centre of the valley, a diluvial conglomerate is here and there seen crop- 

 ping out. 



Separating the Cohat from the Peshawur valley we have the Teera 

 or Khyber range, as already mentioned. It rises a little below the fort 

 of Attock, from the right bank of the river Indus, and runs in a Westerly 

 direction till it meets the Solimaun ridge, south of Suffeid Koh, in- 

 creasing in height as it proceeds onwards.* The Pass is about 1500 

 feet in height, very rocky, rugged, and steep, and about two coss in 

 length. The rock consists of the same fossiliferous limestone as that 

 met with in the valley of Cohat, and dips under an angle of 55° to S. W. 

 Whether this rock occurs at the Northern side of the Pass we were not 

 able to ascertain, as, on reaching the summit, we were driven back by 

 the Afreedees, with the loss of several of our followers. 



Springs. — At Cohat, the springs supply so much water, as to irrigate 

 the whole of Sultan Mohamad Khan's country, which is about seven 

 coss in length ; their temperature was 84° Fah. ; early in the morning, 

 that of the air being 34° Fah. We returned from Cohat via Toghan, 

 Gummut and Pehar ; the country in many places being very wild and 

 mountainous, the rocks met with similar to those already noticed, and 

 recrossed the Indus at Honshialghur, where the sandstone with boul- 

 ders is still found forming the banks of the river. The sandstone is 

 continued on to Futeh Jung, and is superceded half way between this 

 place and Hussun Abdal, by a nummulitic limestone. At Hussun 

 Abdal, the whole district is composed of compact limestone. There is. 



* Elphinstone's Caubul, Vol. II. page 401. 



2 G 



