230 On Artificial Fuel [No. 135. 



ficial substitute for it might be made, where forests exist near the 

 Coast, by mixing bitumen and pounded charcoal, (or in the interior of 

 India cow-dung, clay and charcoal,) with a proportion of the unctuous 

 mud used by the natives in making their " Ooplees." 



The mixture to be moulded into the shape of bricks, and pressed by 

 a powerful screw and lever, of a simple construction, into the smallest 

 possible space, consistent with suitable ignition. 



Refuse oil cakes might be a cheap substitute for bitumen. If this 

 sort of brick should be found to answer, it might soon be made an 

 article of commerce, and be prepared in every village, and in every Bin- 

 jurrah camp within reach of the Coast ; and the sooner to bring it 

 about, natives might be deputed to make small advances, and to teach 

 the mode of making the compound. 



I have, &c. 

 (Signed) George Twemlow. 



The same sent to Calcutta. 



Refuse oil cakes called kullee, sell at Aurungabad at half rupee for 

 240 lb.— Charcoal 9 Rs. for 1600 lb. 



The above is copied from Captain Twemlow's letter book ; but the 

 originals may somewhat differ, and the former materials possibly may 

 not have been given in the letters. 



The only object in sending this copy, of an old letter, is to remove 

 any objection to interference with patents subsequently obtained for 

 exclusive manufacture of artificial coal, whether in England or else- 

 where. The " gool" makers of India have for ages made carboleine 

 for hookas. 



George Twemlow. 



JEllichpoor, August 30, 1841. 



Memorandum of 1841. 



If the upper seams of coal of the present mines can be improved by 

 admixture, this might lead to working to better coal. The water thrown 

 up by Steam engines at the pits should be carried by channels of 

 irrigation over land owned by the Company working the mines. A 



