1843.] Memoir on Indian Earthquakes. 271 



relate to this district, I shall be most happy in furnishing you with all 

 the information I can procure." I am, &c. &c. 



H. Martin. 



In continuation on the same subject, Mr. Bingham writes under date 

 1st Nov. 1842:— 



" I wrote some time ago to Mr. Martin, for information regarding the 

 locality of the springs, and it appears from his reply, that they are situ- 

 ated within 200 yards, (but he does not state whether on the East or 

 West side,) of a range of low hills, which I have myself formerly traced 

 from where they cross the Jumna, about two miles to the north of 

 Delhi, running in a southerly direction beyond Muttra.* There are 

 no rocks in the immediate neighbourhood of the hot springs, but the 

 hills are principally composed of a very hard stratified quartz stone, 

 the strata dipping at an angle of 70° or 75°, with numerous vertical 

 cracks and fissures through them, as if they had been suddenly and 

 violently heaved up. 



" There is also here and there a stone of different formation found 

 lying upon the quartz ; in some places, it is merely ' bujree (red 

 sand,) in others a soft red sandstone. The city of Delhi is mostly 

 built upon these rocks, and some years ago when employed in blasting 

 to form a ditch for one of the bastions on the south side of the city, 

 I had often occasion to remark the impressions of the roots and fibres 

 of vegetablesf in the same stone ; but in the quartz rock, I never met 

 with any foreign substances, except some slight traces of a metallic 

 nature, which appeared to me to be zinc or copper." 



As the Sonub hot spring in all probability rises through one of those 

 fissures so common in the vicinity, the effect of the earthquake seems to 

 have been to close this exit of the waters temporarily, as the supply 

 diminished so much immediately afterwards. And the diminution of 

 the supply would lead to the water becoming colder in consequence of 

 its exposing a lesser bulk to the cooling influences of the strata 



* These are the Aravulli range of hills, which abutting on the Western termina- 

 tion of the Vindyas, run up through Rajpootana, and are lost at some little dis- 

 tance to the Northward of Delhi. 



t The nature and relations of this sandstone render it probable, that these vege- 

 table forms were not the remains of actual vegetables, but were those dendritic forms 

 of doubtful origin so common in similar circumstances. 



