1843.] Translation of the Naipdliya Devata Kalydna. 403 



the chaitya. I have translated " nairatmya" without form, and " agadhe" in fathom- 

 less water, in obedience to two comments, and to the opinion of a learned Buddha, 

 to whom the words and meaning of these stanzas are as familiar as household terms. 



7. May Ratna Singeswara, who was produced out of the union of a 

 portion of Maitreya and of the light of the jewel of Manichura, who 

 issued in the form of Srivatsa out of the riven rock on mount Mani- 

 chur ; whom the other seven Vitaragas reverence as their chief; and 

 who is the raft by which the ocean of life may be crossed ; be propi- 

 tious to us all. I adore him. 



7. In this and the seven following stanzas the eight Vitaragas of Nipal are invoked. 

 Vitaraga is a portion of a Bodhisatwa, revealed under some non-human form. 



In stanza 4, we have seen that there are nine famous Bodhisatwas. Of these the first, or 

 Aryavalokeswara, never individuated a portion of himself, nor has he any manifestation 

 but under a human form. 



The individuated portions of the remaining Bodhisatwas are styled Vitaragas. 

 Maitregas is the first, under the name of Manisingeswar, and form of a waving 

 flame called Srivatsa. The forms of the remaining Vitaragas are severally, a lotus, a 

 flag, a kalas, a chowry, a fish, an umbrella, and a conch. Some say that the singa 

 is also a form common to all the Vitaragas, whilst others insist that singa here applied 

 to them means merely sign-symbol. The symbols of the eight Vitaragas are often called 

 collectively the " eight mangalas." Manichura was a Raja of Saketa Nagar or 

 Ayodhya, in the crown of whose head grew an inestimable jewel, which he offered 

 to the gods to avert their wrath in a general calamity. The legends of the 

 Vitaragas are to be found in the Sambhu Puran. They are too long to be inserted 

 here. 



8. May that portion of the Bodhisatwa Gaganganja, which at the 

 command of Padmapani assumed the form of a lotus, in order to relieve 

 the cruel Raja Gokarna after he (the Raja) had, in atonement for his 

 sins, become a penitent and worshipper of Padmapani on the banks of 

 the Vachmati, and which, as Gokarneswara Vitaraga, still remains at 

 the confluence of the Vachmati and Amoghvati for the purpose of 

 delivering the ancestors of those who pay their devotions there, be 

 propitious to us all. I adore it. (Qy. him ?) 



8. Invocation to the second Vitaraga under the name of Gokarneswara. Gokarna 

 was a Raja of Pancha Des in the East of Hindoostan, says the comment. 



9. May the mighty Vitaraga named Kileswara, who is a portion of 

 Samanta Bhadra, and who took the form of a flag in order to frighten 

 the furious serpent Kulika, when he secured it with the flag-staff- on 



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