OSBORN. REVIEW OF THE PLEISTOCENE 257 



Survivals from the Pliocene 11 species 



Newcomers, forms now extinct 6 " 



Newcomers, forms still living 21 " 



The specific determinations of many of these animals are based upon 

 very incomplete materials and await careful revision; and upon this 

 closer study will depend also the correlations between the various First 

 Interglacial faunae of Great Britain and the continent. From our pres- 

 ent knowledge the following f aunistic correlation may be made : 



Northern Life. Forest Bed of Cromer, Norfolk, England (Fig. 9, 1), typical 

 of the northern life. 



Sables de St. Prest (Eure-et-Loire), France, (2) typical of the 

 central life of France. 



Malbattu (Puy-de-D6me), France, (3) typical of the central 

 life of France. 

 Southern Life. Peyrolles (Bouches-du-Rhone), France, (4) typical of the 

 southern life of France. 



Solilhac, near Puy, southern France, (5) typical of the south- 

 ern life. 



Durfort (Gard), southern France, (6) typical of the southern 

 life. 



Cajarc, Lot-et-Garonne, (7) typical of the southern life. 



Val d'Arno (upper, or Pleistocene deposits), northern Italy, 

 (S) typical of the southern life of Europe. 



Extinctions. — The survival of a number of Pliocene mammals into 

 this period has led certain palaeontologists, such as Boule, to place the 

 First Interglacial fauna and the Glacial stage which preceded it in the 

 Pliocene rather than in the Pleistocene Epoch. The true Upper Plio- 

 cene fauna, however, is characterized by a number of distinctively Plio- 

 cene mammals, especially the primates, mastodons, antelopes, gazelles 

 and tapirs. Xone of these animals have been found in the Pleistocene of 

 Europe ; all had become extinct. 



Survivals.— This First Interglacial fauna does include, however, a 

 number of survivals from the Pliocene, such as the sabre-tooth cats 

 (Machcerodus) , the polycladine deer (C. sedgwicki) , the more primitive 

 dicerorhine rhinoceros with brachyodont teeth (D. etruscus), the primi- 

 tive Upper Pliocene horse (Equus stenonis), the southern elephants (E. 

 meridional is) . the hippopotami, the roedeer (Capreolus capreolus), the 

 giant beaver (Trogontherium) , the Auvergne bear (Ursus arvernensis) ,. 

 the wild cattle (Leptobos). 



It is noteworthy that Pohlig considers the E. meridionalis of this stage 

 to be of more recent type than the true Pliocene type of Italy described 

 by Xesti : hence he terms it E. {meridionalis) trogontlierii. It is also- 



