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ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



the broad-nosed rhinoceros, two species of mammoth (E. antiquus, E. 

 trogontherii) , and the horse (E. mosbachensis) . 



In the Lower sands of Mauer near Heidelberg there occur the first re- 

 corded remains of man and a fauna including some primitive species. 



Homo heidelbergensis. — To the faunal stage of Elephas antiquus and 

 the etruscan rhinoceros (D. etruscus) is to be added the Heidelberg man, 

 determined from a lower jaw discovered by Otto Schotensack 59 in 1907 

 in the Lower Mauer Sands at a depth of 24.10 m., one of the most im- 

 portant discoveries in the whole history of anthropology. The lower jaw 

 is exceptionally massive, without chin projection, with a large but essen- 



Fig. 14. — Sand pit at Mauer near Heidelberg 



The lower jaw (Homo heidelbergensis) was found at the spot marked with a cross. 

 After Schoetensack and MacCurdy. 



tially human set of teeth; in other words, it is a jaw in some respects 

 similar to that of an anthropoid ape but containing the dentition of a 

 man, namely, typically human canine and molar teeth. The jaw is now 

 regarded by anatomists as resembling on a very massive and primitive 

 scale the jaw of the neanderthaloid human type (Homo neanderihalen- 

 sis) which first occurs in the Third Interglacial Stage. 



The fauna associated with Homo heidelbergensis is of an ancient char- 



59 Schotensack, Otto : Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis aus den Sanden 

 von Mauer bei Heidelberg : Ein Beitrag znr Paliiontologie des Menschen. Verlag von 

 Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig, 1908. 



