2i(j ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Page 



Culture stages 252 



Repetition of loess depositions 252 



First Glacial stage — Gun?:, Scanian, Nebraskan 252 



First Interglacial stage — Norfolkian, Aftonian, Giinz-Mindel 255 



Humid forest conditions 255 



Flora of the first Interglacial period 256 



Mammals of the first Interglacial stage 256 



Extinctions 257 



Survivals 257 



Arrivals 258 



First Interglacial of France 260 



Southern elephant (Elephas meridionalis) 261 



Hippopotami 263 



Sabre tooths '263 



Moose (Alces) 264 



Problematic evidence of man 264 



Eolithic theory 265 



Pithecanthropus erectus 266 



Life of the Mediterranean islands 267 



Second Glacial stage — Saxonian, Mindel, Kansan 268 



Second Interglacial stage — Mindel-Riss 269 



Moisture followed by aridity 269 



Climate 270 



Mammals 271 



Survivals 271 



Extinctions 272 



Arrivals 272 



Homo heideloergensis 274 



Chellean culture and ancient Interglacial fauna : 276 



Fauna of the Pyrenees, Cantabrian Alps, Spain and Portugal 276 



Second and third Glacial and Interglacial epochs. . 277 



African-Asiatic fauna - 277 



Old elephant (Elephas antiquus) 277 



Rhinoceroses 278 



Bovines 279 



Megaceros giganteus 280 



Elaphine or red deer ; 280 



Reindeer 2S0 



Carnivores 281 



Third Glacial stage — Illinoian, Polandian, Riss 283 



Third glacial fauna 283 



Third Interglacial stage— Riss-Wurm, Sangamon 283 



Climatic changes during the third Interglacial stage 284 



Flora 285 



Fauna 286 



Piltdown man, Eoanthropus dawsoni 286 



Pre-Chellean and Chellean fauna 287 



Chellean culture on the "low terraces" 288 



Grays-Thurroek. Ilford (Essex, England) 288 



