288 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



same animals associated with those identified as belonging to the sabre- 

 tooth tiger (Machcerodus) . 



Chellean Culture on the "Low Terraces." — It appears that the Chel- 

 lean culture stage in man}' regions was subsequent to the formation of 

 the terraces; thus Chellean flints may occur in the superficial gravels 

 both on the "middle" and on the "low terraces." Haug (1912) sup- 

 ports the theory that the Chellean culture belongs to the Third Inter- 

 glacial Stage. This accords with the terrace chronology. The minute 

 researches of Laville in the basin of Paris are confirmed by the observa- 

 tions of Commont in the valley of the Somme. Along the Somme Chel- 

 lean flints occur in the deep gravels overlying the middle and upper ter- 

 races. The fauna found in the "low terraces" of Chelles and of Grenelle 

 is the same, namely, E. trogontherii, Trogontherium cuvieri, Hyaena 

 crocuta, D. merckii, Hippopotamus major, Elephas antiquus. All these 

 animals found at Chelles occur in the gravels a few meters above the 

 level of the Marne; the} r belong exclusively to the sands and gravels at 

 the base of the diggings in the "low terrace." Similarly in the valley 

 of the Somme near Abbeville from the base of the "low terrace" are re- 

 corded Aeheulean flints with H. major, D. merckii, Elephas antiquus, 

 etc. Laville collected at Arceuil in the valley of the Bieve, in gravels 

 assigned to the "low terrace," Chellean, Aeheulean and Mousterian 

 flints ; these "low terraces" are only 5m. above the river level and are 

 still occasionally flooded with the high waters of the Seine. It is hardly 

 probable that the close geologic and favmistic association of the Chellean- 

 Acheulean cultures in these "low terraces" could have been separated by 

 a very long geologic period, amounting to a hundred thousand years, as 

 demanded by the theory of Penck. 



"What is regarded as the typical Third Interglacial fauna of the more 



northern regions of Europe as found at Grays Thurrock. I] ford (Essex, 



England) and at Taubach is as follows : 



Grays Thurrock, II ford (Essex, 

 Straight-tusked elephant, Elephas 

 anUq uus England ). — The hippopotamus is 



Southern mammoth, E. trogontherii lier e recorded by Dawkins. The ele- 



Broad-nosed rhinoceros, D. merckii phant of Essex is referred by Pohlig 



Hippopotamus, H. major to E. trogontherii. The horse 



Wild horse, E. ? cab alius (probably ( Ewart ) is considered to belong to 



the Forest variety) ,i -^ , AT -,. mi . 



_„., ,_ „ ' the Forest or Nordic tvpe. This 



Wild boar, Sns scrofa ferus . ■ l 



Bison, Bison prisons Essex fauna ]S characteristic of the 



Urus, Bos primigenius riyer shores and of the neighboring 



Red deer, Cervus elapluis forests and meadows. The lions, 



Roe deer, C. capreolus hyaenas and bears which are re- 



