290 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



of the woolly mammoth and the woolly rhinoceros, indicating that in 

 northern localities the Acheulean culture reached the cold period of the 

 Fourth Glacial Stage. 



Krapina Neandertlialoid Race. — To the Acheulean Stage there is re- 

 ferred a human tooth found at Taubach. Of much greater importance 

 is the presence of abundant skeletal remains of men of a primitive Nean- 

 derthaloid race found in the cave-shelter of Krapina in Croatia. These 

 remains are positively associated with the Acheulean stage by Schmidt 

 (1912, p. 256) but they are regarded as more recent, of the late Mous- 

 terian culture stage, by Breuil. The remains as finally described by 

 Gorjanovic-Kramberger 82 include hundreds of human bones intermingled 

 in various separate strata with hundreds of stone implements and chips 

 and thousands of animal bones. Of the contemporary fauna are re- 

 corded TJrsus spelceus, Bos primigenius, Equus ? crib alius, Dicerorhinus 

 merckii, Megaceros euryceros, Castor -fiber, Arctomys marmotta. The 

 human racial type is unquestionably related to that found at Neander- 

 thal and Spy. The race is somewhat dwarfed, of broader head form, 

 with less prominent supraorbital processes. The species is Homo nean- 

 derthalensis. 



Mousterian Culture, Temperate Fauna.- — The earliest strata of the 

 Mousterian culture stage in France show a fauna not differing essen- 

 tially from that of the late Acheulean stage, namely, a fauna containing 

 Elephas antiquus and Dicerorhinus merckii. Thus in La Micoque, one 

 of the oldest stations in the Vezere valley, Dordogne, in which the cul- 

 ture belongs to the transition between late Acheulean and early Mous- 

 terian times, in the very lowest layers are found traces of the broad- 

 nosed rhinoceros (D. merckii) associated with remains of the moose 

 (Alces). But the last glacial stage is approaching and D. merckii gives 

 place to the migrants from the tundra region of the northeast, covered 

 with hair, adapted to an arctic climate, namely, the mammoth and the 

 woolly rhinoceros. The main succeeding portion of the Mousterian cul- 

 ture was contemporaneous with the Fourth Glacial Stage and the cold 

 tundra, steppe fauna. 



82 Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Karl : "Der Diluviale Mensch von Krapina in Kroatien 

 Ein Beitrag zur Palaoanthropologie. Studien fiber die Entwickelungsrnechannik des 

 Primatenskelettes mit besonderer Beriicksiehtigung der Anthropologic und Descendenz- 

 lehre." Herausgegeben von Dr. Otto Walkhoff. C. W. Kreidel's Verlag. 4to. Wiesbaden, 

 1906. 



