OSBORX. REVIEW OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



293 



mal life of the Fourth Glacial Stage at Achenheim and Sirgenstein near 

 the upper Rhine is divided among the various faunse as follows : 



TtJNDBA 



Elephas pHmigenius 



Diceros antiquitatis 



Ran <iifcr tarandus 



Yulpes lagopus 



].( pus variabilis 



Myodes torquatus 

 Steppe 



Equus germanicus (Steppe type) 



Spermopli ilus rufescens 

 Forest 



Gervus elaphus 



Lynchus lynx 



Can is lupus 



Yulpes alopex 



Arvicola ampJi ibius 



Ursus spehru.s 

 At.pine 



Arctomys marmotta 



/hex sp.V 



Lagopus alpinus 

 Meadow 



Bison prisons 



Bos prim if/en ins 

 Asiatic 



Hyeena spelwa 



Felis leo spelwa 



After the First Maximum of the 

 Fourth giaciation the Laufen- 

 schwankung may have temporarily 

 favored the return of the Elephas 

 antiquus and D. merchii fauna as 

 far as northern France because we 

 occasionally find a glacial mixed 

 fauna where E. antiquus and D. 

 merchii occur in association with E. 

 primi genius. The close of the 

 Fourth Glacial Stage or Second 

 Wiirm Maximum is marked by the 

 first appearance of very numerous 

 arctic rodents, especially of the 

 banded lemming (Myodes torqua- 

 tus) type, which constitute the so- 

 called "Lower Rodent" layer. The 

 animals (Schmidt, 1912) character- 

 istic of this Lower Rodent stratum 

 as found at Sirgenstein, Wild- 

 scheuer and Ofnet are as follows : 



This "Lower Rodent" stratum 

 with a fauna such as we find at pres- 

 ent in far northern Russia registers 

 the coldest climate of Pleistocene 

 times, corresponding to the Second 

 Maximum of the Fourth Glacial 

 Stage. It is well known that this 

 Lower Rodent fauna is not local but 

 Tather a widespread phenomenon ex- 

 tending over northern and southern Germany and Belgium (Schmidt, 

 1912, p. 261). The presence of this Lower Rodent fauna at Thiede near 

 Eraunschweig in the border region of the Upper Glacial Drift of Germany 

 is of special significance, as Wahnschaffe observes. This is the classical 

 locality for lemming, the remains of lemmings being associated solely with 

 those of arctic fox, arctic hare, reindeer, musk ox and mammoth. 



Tundra 



Cants lagopus 

 Foetorius erminea 

 Lepns variabilis 

 Myodes obensis 



" torquatus 

 Lagopus albus 



Forest 



A rvico la am phib i a * 



Meadow 

 Talpa europma 



