OSBORX, REVIEW OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



301 



Localities 



Kesslerloch Cave, near Thaingen (Fig. 9, 37) 

 Schweizersbilu Cave, near Schaffhausen (37) 

 Scattered deposits in Thuringia, in northern Germany, 



Saalfeld, Gera. Jena. Leipzig (29. 30. 31) 

 Wurzburg, Bavaria, Loess deposits (33) 

 Swabia and Franconia. cave deposits 

 Yoklinshofen, Alsace (28) 



MontVaurin Cave (Haute-Garonne), Upper levels (35) 

 Chateau xeuf-stjr-Charente (Charente) (36) 



Culture Zones 

 Magdalenian Stage 

 Magdalenian Stage 

 Aurignacian and Solu- 

 trean Stages 



Solutrean Stage 

 Anrignaeian and Solu- 

 trean Stages 

 Magdalenian Stase 



The large mammals of the period are more fully known than in any 

 previous Pleistocene stage both through palseontological researches, which 

 date hack to the beginnings of the science of vertebrate paleontology in 

 Germany and France, and through the extraordinarily accurate carvings 

 and drawings in the caverns of Dordogne and northern Spain. These 

 drawings have been reproduced with remarkable fidelity, chiefly by 

 Breuil. 90 The chief elements in the larger mammal fauna were as fol- 

 lows : 



Forest and Meadow Fauna 

 Moose. Alecs palmatus 

 Persian deer, Cervus maral 

 Red deer, Capreolus rapreolus 

 Roedeer, Cervus elaphus 

 Wild cattle. Bos primigenius 

 Bison. Bison priscus 

 Forest horse. Equus caballus 

 Bear. Ursus spelceus 

 Lion, Felis leo spekea 

 Brown bear. Ursus arctos 

 Wild boar. Sus scrofa 



Tundra Fauna 



Woolly rhinoceros, Dieeros antiqui- 



t <i lis 

 Woolly elephant. Elephas primigenius 

 Musk ox. Ovibos moschatus 

 Reindeer. Rangifer tarandits 

 Arctic fox. Vulpes lagopus 

 Elasmothere, Elasmotherium sibiri- 



Clffll 



Schweizersbilcl Cave (Fig. 9, 

 37). — The Magdalenian, or rein- 

 deer man apparently arrived in 

 the Schaffhausen region long 

 after the maximum Fourth gla- 

 ciation, during the Buhl advance, 

 the period of deposition of the 

 "Upper Bodent" layer with its 

 cold Arctic and Steppe fauna. 

 The deposits of tbe Schweizers- 

 bild cave as recorded by Ren- 

 ting 91 present the fullest succes- 

 sion and extend over a very long 

 period of time as exhibited in the 

 following layers : 



Neolithic : 



5. Gray culture layer, forest fauna. 



00 See publications of Abbe Henri Breuil. Marcellin Boule. Be Comte Begouen. I'. 

 Bourriner. B. Capitan. Kmile Cartailhac. Balanne. Barter and Christy, Dechelette. Hugo 

 Obermaier. Peyrony, Keinach. Others are in preparation. 



91 Neheixg. A. : "tjbersicht iiber vierundzwanzig mitteleuropiiische Quartar-Faunen." 

 Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges.. pp. 4(58-509. 1880. 



: "Die kleineren Wirbeltiere vom Schweizersbild hei Schaffhausen." Denkschr. 



allg. schweiz. Ges. gesam. Naturwiss., Vol. xxxv, pp. 41-77. 1806. 



