OSBORX. RE'\'IE'\Y OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



307 



on the back of which is a small hump quite independent of the skeleton. 

 The larger hump on the shoulders is formed by the long vertebral spines. 

 The legs are comparatively short. The skin is smooth. JSTiezabitowski 

 observes that D. antiquitatis resembles D. simus most closely, having in 

 common the elongate head with prominent orbits, the truncated upper 

 lip. the hump on the neck, and the short legs ; it differs from D. simus 

 in the somewhat narrower muzzle, small, pointed ears and the presence 

 of a thick coating of hair. 



Fig. 20. — Rhinoceros skulls 



Skulls of the Pleistocene "woolly rhinoceros," Diceros antiquitatis of Eurasia (above), 

 and of the recent African "'white rhinoceros," Diceros simus (below). In the American 

 Museum of Natural History. 



Like I), simus, D. antiquitatis was a plains dweller living on grass and 

 small herbs. The woolly rhinoceros was confined more closely to the 

 edges of the great ice sheets than the mammoth; that is, it did not 

 migrate so far to the south, stopping at the Alps, while the mammoth 

 wandered into Italy as far south as Eome. 



Elasmotheres. — The elasmothere (Elasmotherium sibericum) was an- 

 other companion of the mammoth which ranged over eastern Europe, 

 Germany, and southern Siberia. It was probably a steppe dweller. In 

 Pleistocene times it is reported as occurring as far south as Sicily." It 



1,9 Braxdt. J. F. : "Mittheilungen iiber die Gattung Elasmotherium, besonders den 

 SchJidelliau derselben." Mem. Acad. Imper. Sci. Petersbourg, Ser. VII. Vol. XXVI, No. 6. 

 St. E'etersburg, 1878. and CiACDRY and Boule, "Materiaux pour l'Histoire des Temps 

 Quaternaires." Fasc. 31. L'Elasmotherium. Paris, 1888. 



