912 Journal of a Trip to the Burenda Pass in 1836. [Nov. 



At this place I purchased as a curiosity, a small hookah. It is 

 made of the horn of a wild goat 6 and is one of the simplest and 

 roughest pieces of workmanship I have seen. The bowl is formed of 

 the horn, the largest end of which is stopped with wax and resin, 

 while in the smaller end a reed is inserted to draw the smoke through. 

 On the upper edge of the horn near the broad end, another small reed 

 is fixed which supports an unbaked clay chillum to receive the 

 tobacco. 



On the morning of the 5th we walked up a steep ascent to a large 

 village called Rowul or Role where we rested awhile under the shade 

 of a magnificent horse-chestnut tree. 



The temple at this place was ornamented with the horns of the 

 Jehr and also of goats. It seems a common practice in these hills, 

 when a person wishes for the birth of an heir or the successful accom- 

 plishment of any undertaking, to sacrifice a goat or a sheep to the 

 deity. 



The sacrifice is performed by beheading the animal with a sacrificing 

 axe of a particular shape, generally called a dangrah, — by Europeans 

 termed a Jubal axe, from the circumstance of the best being manu- 

 factured in the Jubal country, near the Chor mountain. The animal 

 when killed is taken home and eaten and the horns hung up at the 

 door of the temple as a propitiatory offering to the Devi. There is 

 a temple in almost every village and all have these offerings hanging 

 about them. There is generally also a temple of this kind erected on 

 the summits of the highest hills. On the tops of very high mountains 

 and far from any habitation are often seen piles of stones, such as in 

 the highlands of Scotland would be called " cairns ;" these piles are de- 

 dicated to Devi who seems to be the favourite deity of the hill people*. 

 Every person who has occasion to pass these cairns, or whose piety 

 may lead him to them, places a stone upon the heap as an act of 

 homage to the deity, and when these have become too high to be 

 easily reached others are commenced. On these piles very fine speci- 

 mens of horns of different animals are placed, and sometimes real 

 curiosities may be purloined from them, but of course by stealth, for 

 the natives would not fail to resent the affront offered to their gods, 

 if they discovered it. We saw these piles, but found no horns. The 

 elevation of Rowul is 9400 feet above the level of the sea. 



Having rested here awhile, we again ascended a very steep and rocky 

 pass of great height, and after a long and fatiguing march in a hot 



* With good reason, P&rbatl being the daughter of the sacred mountain, 

 (see Mill's Uma, J. A. S. vol. II.) — Ed. 



