960 Mechanical Instruments of the Nepalese. [Nov. 



territories in the northern Doab, which lie along- the upper Jumna, and 

 so great is its simplicity, adapting it to the appliances of the most 

 ignorant natives, •' that it has heen adopted generally in all the canals 

 in the Delhi district, as well as in those of the Doab*." 



A similar mill is said to he used in some of the most northern of 

 the Scottish islands, as well in Provence and Dauphwy. 



The power of the Nepal mill is not by any means great, nor is there 

 much inducement for the improving of it beyond its present state. 

 Wheat in Nepal holds a very low place among the farinacea in com- 

 parison with rice, in consequence of the better adaptation of the soil 

 for the latter grain ; and so small is the consumption of atta (meal) 

 that the miller cannot depend on his craft, as an only means of subsist- 

 ancef. As an average of the power of these mills, the produce of one 

 after 24 hours' grinding ranges from 7 to 10 muris of meal, (14 to 20 

 maunds about,) the latter quantity being considered the maximum 

 produce of the best. 



The earnings of the miller are for the most part in kind, and the 

 rate of payment varies according to the supply of water at the time 

 of grinding, as well as with the quantity of grain brought by an indi- 

 vidual. The highest rate for grinding is an Jth of the produce, the 

 average one is j^th, and the lowest r 6 th, this being for grinding 

 alone, as the proprietor of the grain transports it to, and from, the 

 mill. 



The payment in kind for grinding corn is, I believe, universal in 

 the hills, it is customary in the Delhi territory of India, and I can 

 vouch for its being the invariable mode throughout a large portion 

 of the highlands of Scotland. The rate of renumeration in the latter 

 country was in 1827 ^ th for grinding oaten meal, ^th for grind- 

 ing barley meal, and ^th for grinding malt, which had paid duty; 

 a good deal more for the smuggled article, as an indemnification to 

 the miller for the risk run in admitting the contraband to his premises. 



No. 4. — Kd, (Newari ;J kodali of the Parbuttiahs. The hoe or spade 

 with which the Newars turn up the soil of their fields. They do 

 not use the plough, and compared with the Indian one (which is 

 used by the Parbattiahs), this spade is a much more efficient instru- 

 ment. Its cut is from 4 to 6 inches deep. The Newars use it with 

 dexterity and delve a field in surprisingly short space of time, turn- 

 ing the earth up in ridges, or narrow beds. The kit resembles our 



• * See Journal Asiatic Society, No. 19. 



t Murwa, kodu, Indian corn, and a little rice is ground by these mills beside* 

 wheat ; the ground rice is used for making sweetmeats. 



