1837.] from the west of India. 1 04 1 



the exact position of the lion (in my account inadvertently called 

 tiger ; but it is a maned lion), the exact position of the right leg of the 

 female ; the same aspect of the figure, the glory round the head ; and 

 the same ornaments on the arms above the elbow, and in the same 

 female figure on other coins we observe the same triple necklace. My 

 sketch represents an alto-relievo figure cut out of the rock in the Buddh 

 cave temple at Ellora, now most absurdly denominated by the Hindus 

 Jaganndth Subha, and the figure herself with equal absurdity is called 

 Bhaghri Bhowani, but in Indra Subbah, she is called Inderani, and 

 is sculptured on the walls of the hall. A tree is sculptured on the wall 

 behind the female figures, in which are roosting peafowls. I mention 

 this, because, from the female in coins 28 and 30 being associated with 

 peafowls, she is considered to be the wife of Kartika. The originals 

 of mv sketch are as large as life, and Inderani is sculptured on the 

 terminal wall of a long vestibule to the crypt or sacred place where 

 Buddh is sculptured : the opposite terminal wall of the vestibule has 

 corresponding figures as large as life (with the exception of the ele- 

 phant) of a man seated on a couchant elephant, a tree is behind the 

 figures and on the branches peafowls are seated, and the man is now 

 called Indra. As there are not any sacred symbols connected with these 

 figures, but as they were evidently not secondary objects with the 

 sculptors or excavators of the temple, not less from their position than 

 from their execution, I have for some years been accustomed to consi- 

 der them representations of the prince and bis consort, by whom the 

 cave was executed ; and in this opinion I was confirmed by similar 

 figures being met with under similar circumstances in two other Buddh 

 caves ; there being only some slight difference in the position of the 

 female upon the lion, such as is seen in coin 27, and in one instance 

 the lion is by the side of the female. 



If therefore these coincidences justify the belief that the female figure 

 on the coin and the female figure in the Baudha caves of Ellora be the 

 same, we come to the conclusion that the caves in which the figures 

 are found were excavated by a Budhist prince, named Vikrama 

 Mahendra Gupta ; and the form of the Devanagri letters upon 

 the coin will give a period of 2000 to 2500 years for the date of 

 the excavation. Of course the caves were excavated by different 

 princes, for such astonishing works of art could only have been 

 perfected in many generations. 



It would appear that upon the ancient coins, whether of the Canouj 

 series, from Behat, Saurashtra, Jaunpoor, or Western India, on some or 

 all of them are found emblems, symbols, monograms ; figures of men and 



